Statistics In Engineering and Science

1. Outcome

2. Defined

3. Population

3.1. All possible items with common characteristics under

3.1.1. Experimental conditions

3.1.2. Observational conditions

3.1.3. Statistical analysis

3.1.3.1. Infer relationships between

3.1.3.1.1. Design factor

3.2. Fixed

4. Statistic

4.1. Problem solving with variability

4.1.1. Studies

4.1.1.1. Experimental

4.1.1.1.1. Control variables

4.1.1.2. Observational

5. Statistics in experimentation

5.1. Identify and measure

5.1.1. Sources of variation

5.1.1.1. Draw valid inferences

5.2. Statistical design and analysis

5.2.1. Project planning

5.2.1.1. Include statistical considerations

5.2.2. Experimental design

5.2.2.1. Control variation from known sources

5.2.2.1.1. Uncontrollable variation

6. Process

6.1. Repeatable series of actions resulting in

6.2. Changing

7. Variable

7.1. Characteristic on which information is retrieved

7.1.1. Types

7.1.1.1. Response

7.1.1.2. Factors

7.1.1.2.1. Can affect response variables

7.1.1.2.2. Controllable

8. Observation in experiments

8.1. Information

8.2. Actual value of variables

9. Sample

9.1. Representative group of the population

9.1.1. Sampling techniques

9.1.1.1. Convenience sample

9.1.1.1.1. Fast and cheap

9.1.1.1.2. Not necessarily representative

9.1.1.2. Judgmental sampling

9.1.1.2.1. Based on experience

9.1.1.2.2. Difficult to relate to population

9.1.1.3. Simple random sample

9.1.1.3.1. Sample of size n obtained from the population or process

9.1.1.3.2. Stringent requirements

9.1.1.3.3. Allows replacement

9.1.1.4. Systematic random samples

9.1.1.4.1. Sampling the kth unit

9.1.1.5. Stratified random samples

9.1.1.5.1. Subdivide heterogeneous population in groups

9.1.1.6. Cluster sampling

9.1.1.6.1. Subdivide population in clusters

9.2. Serves to make inferences about population

10. Parameters

10.1. Population values that summarizes its observations

10.2. Constant

10.3. Greek letters

10.4. Usually unknown

11. Distribution

11.1. Possible values of a variable and occurrence frequency

11.2. Example

11.2.1. Normal distribution

11.2.1.1. Parameters

12. Statistics

12.1. Sample values to estimate parameters

12.2. Random

12.3. Latin letters

13. New node

13.1. Histograms

13.2. Frequency distribution

13.3. Relative-frequency histogram

14. Random

14.1. Statistical

14.1.1. Approximate physical systems

14.1.2. Derived from data

14.2. Mathematical

14.2.1. Represent relationships among variables

14.2.2. Derived from theory

14.2.3. Don't take errors into account