1. Sociological Perspectives Chapter 4
1.1. Philosophy of Education
1.2. Functionalism views society similar to a machine it needs all the parts and systems in place to work together to be successful in a sense.
1.2.1. Conflict theory is built around trying to manipulate and make society feel like one way is better to follow and go along with and argue back and forth on issues never coming to a agreement.
1.2.1.1. Interactionalism is both conflict and functionalism perspectives in a nut shell but its more structured.
1.3. Knowledge and attitudes I do believe when a person becomes more educated it does influence them to read and do get more into things they normally wouldn't find interesting and it changes their attitude and their views on things.
1.3.1. Education and Mobility as explained in the book belief is that social and career wise as an outlook starts within the school system for most because it opens up students to being social talking with strangers getting to know people they do not know and learning things that benefits them in the real world socially.
1.3.1.1. Teacher behavior for sure because some if not all or most students do look to the teachers as role models and may be watching and mimicking their teachers ways or gestures even attitudes possibly feeding off their positive or negative actions.
2. Philosophy of Education Chapter 5
2.1. Existentialism would be the view I would go with because I do feel that in a sense students are their own person and have the choice to make their own decisions in life and can determine whether or not they are going to have a good day or bad day as well as decisions yes teachers are there to teach and help and guide as much as possible but every one is there own individual person and think and react differently. Every one should work on being them their own person in life aiming to be great and not the average student.
2.1.1. Focus should definitely be in favor of the students when it comes to their education but still put emphasize on individuality so that the students do not depend solely on others.
2.1.1.1. Philosopher Maxine Greene expresses the way literature forces for communication and response from the students giving them that personal interaction when discussing a topic.
2.1.1.1.1. The goal of education she be to educate and push for students to be creative and have visions that's a start for them early on in life.
3. Schools of Organizations Chapter 6
3.1. Mayor: Tommy Battle Federal Senator: Doug Jones and House of Representative: Mo Brooks Local Senator: Mike Ball and house of Representative: Paul Sanford State superintendent: Ed Richardson Representative State school board: Mary Scott Hunter Local Superintendent: Matt Ackin All members of local school board: District 1 Michelle Watkins District 2 Beth Wilder District 3 Elisa Ferrell District 4 Walker Mcginnis District 5 Pam Hill
3.1.1. Elements of change dealing with school processes and cultures is based on the adaptability for example that is like in a area where two school systems are forced to join together dealing with different students and cultures if they are not willing to make a change and adapt to the change that is being done it makes things tough and eventually students will leave due to situations it is difficult when this type of change happens it makes it difficult for everybody from the admin to the students.
4. Equality of Opportunity Chapter 8
4.1. School differences and Educational outcomes dealing with equality of opportunities being discussed in chapter 8 interesting to see the ratings and numbers associated with whether or not students circumstances lead to reasons lack of education or learning ability.
4.1.1. The results of the Coleman study definitely was informative and great findings to show proof of certain areas. For instance, private schools normally do better than public schools academically there are still theories and studies being processed today towards this matter.
4.1.1.1. Historically speaking race,gender,class has some affect dealing with a person educational attainment but some can argue in some cases it doesn't it really depends on the person and their views on their life and achievements the standards they set for themselves or what others view them as can go either way.
4.1.1.1.1. Studies show males may score higher on SAT than that of females and in terms studies show females are less likely to drop out of school compared to males.
5. Educational Reform Chapter 10
5.1. School based Reform Privatization this is when distinction took place between public and private schools and the state corporations see ways to take over schools they seeing the multi-billion dollar education industry as a lucrative market.
5.1.1. School-to-Work Programs putting more emphasis on students that may not be considering college to still learn and be successful for work-based opportunities
5.1.1.1. Connecting Schools, Community, and Societal Reforms educational reform in United States emphasized excellence and equity equation. Setting meaningful goals address the inequalities more so in certain school areas.
5.1.1.1.1. Full service and Community Schools more so focused around plans to educate the community and not just individual students. Meeting with the child family and understanding the background from which they come understanding needs. Working on improving at risk areas if possible.
6. Politics of Education Chapter 2
6.1. Intellectual purpose schooling are to teach basic cognitive skills like reading,writing,and mathematics associated with thinking skills
6.1.1. Social purpose schooling are to help with social problems.
6.1.1.1. Economic purpose schooling are to prepare the students for later in their life career roles etc.
6.1.1.1.1. Political purpose schooling are to teach children the basics of law of society.
6.2. The role of school conservatives perspective sees the school as providing the necessary educational training to ensure that individuals receive the tools needed in life. Basically making sure students are setup to be successful in life once they are out into the real world.
6.2.1. Explanations of Unequal Educational Performance Liberal perspectives argues that some students are setup to be more successful than others in the long run in real world and not all receive equal opportunities which sometimes can be seen that way.
6.2.1.1. Definition of Educational Problems Liberal perspectives schools often limit the chances of the minorities not giving them a chance and making discipline and authority the main focus not focusing on diverse curriculum. The Radical perspective is often similar to the Liberal it is just worded a little differently as though they see the system has failed the poor and are racist.
7. History of U.S. Education Chapter 3
7.1. The reform dealing with common schools started with the Industrial Revolution with textile in England around the 1850 time frame also talked about the Urban clusters that grew around this time dealings with the Roman Catholics and the revolution transportation. There are points on how they often articulated their ideas and the secular nature. There was struggle with getting free public schools and this was around time Horace Mann of Massachusetts came along dealings with the states first schools and issues.
7.1.1. Urbanization more of Mann work on social mobility. The preserving and promoting democracy deal.Psychologists also looked at this as the Darwin of the mind. Talked about as the child centered reform.
7.1.1.1. Public high schools record showed about 6.5 million students attended public high schools by 1940. Talks about all the different approaches that were taking to start what really mattered with students and what they learned educators speaking on subjects and things that would help them in future.
7.1.1.1.1. The cycles of progressive and traditional the traditionalist examined the curriculum and standards improvements that were happening or not they seen increase in math and science literacy mainly and there were challenges disadvantages in areas.
7.2. The Democratic-Liberal School believed that history of U.S. education involve the progressive evolution. They focused on the conservative views of the schools as elite institutional dealing with them being privileged.
7.2.1. The Radical Revisionist School focused on the views of the expansion of education as imposed on the poor and the working class making public schools their own interest.
7.2.1.1. Conservatives provided their perspective towards the social focus and academic quality goals and some sacrifice.
7.3. Over time and decades now I believe the Equality reform may have more influences and has helped over time in its own sense all them have provided influences but as a nation overall.
7.3.1. The focus on the views of education and how to make things better and focus on what really matters when it comes to our children not making it about poor minority privileged but equality overall making sure everyone receives the education they need to be successful in the future.
8. Curriculum of Pedagogy Chapter 7
8.1. The Sociology of Curriculum focuses on the thoughts of why something is being taught instead of what is being taught. People like Bowles and Gintis always seemed to emphasize heavily on the importance of the curriculum hidden details.
8.1.1. There are functionalist that speak about schools teaching general cognitive skills and values that they believe is better for this day and age society. I do not personally believe modern day society cares to enforce certain issues.
8.1.1.1. When dealing with progressive theory of it there are questions and thoughts even ideas that come about that are hard to even ponder on when things seem to get tough we tend to get scared as a society.
8.1.1.1.1. I do think that schools should even consider revisiting things throughout country. I think it is important that we continue with dialogues and our education system.
8.2. Two dominant methods of teaching is the teacher led discussion and lecturing which is today the methods I say are best and there is no other method around these two that I would recommend.
9. Education inequality Chapter 9
9.1. There's the argued upon that African American children do less well in school because they adapt to their oppressed position in the class and caste structure.
9.1.1. Anti school culture of working class suburban adolescents, for whom heavy metal, rock and roll music, and souped up automobiles are the symbols of adolescents culture with the academic life of schooling consciously rejected and scorned.
9.1.1.1. School financing in districts inequality of funding not moral issue political close monetary gaps
9.1.1.1.1. Effective school research climate of high expectations strong effective leadership accountability processes monitoring of student learning high degree of time on task flexibility to experiment and try new things.