CH. 4 Questions

1. What impact did industrialization have on Americans?

1.1. 1) Exports to other counties--Steel, grain and textiles were not only used here in America, but other countries were interested in these things, so Americans began exporting these things to other countries.

1.2. 2) These new innovations changed how we work, many jobs could now be performed by a machine--especially in the farming industry.

1.3. 3) The effects of industrialization began showing how it affected the environment through soil erosion and dust storms.

2. What arguments did people use to support or oppose big business?

2.1. Many who were opposed to big businesses using trusts, cartels and monopolies felt they were given an unfair advantage and called them "Robber Barons". People who believed that industries served the nation positively called them "Captains of Industry", meaning they are paving the way for other people to become successful.

3. How did the federal government regulate business?

3.1. he federal government regulated businesses by creating the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC). This group would monitor the railroad industry. The government also regulated trusts and passed the Sherman Antitrust Act.

4. Why did workers increasingly turn to the strike as a tactic to win labor gains?

4.1. Workers increasingly turned to striking to win labor battle because it was effective. They had strength in numbers and negotiating as an individual got them nowhere.

5. What Factors spurred industrial growth in the late 1800s?

5.1. 1)The civil war encouraged the expansion of the railroads

5.2. 2) The ability to natural resources

5.2.1. such as oil, coal, and wood

5.3. 3) The availabilty of people to build a workforce

5.3.1. A lot of immigrants came into the country willing to work for a low price.

5.4. 4)The idea of capitalism and wanting to be wealthy drove many to become entrepreneurs and innovators.

5.5. 5) Governmental policies encouraged investment in businesses and technology.

6. How did technologies shape industrialization?

6.1. 1) The invention of the light bulb by Thomas Edison eventually brought electricity to homes and businesses. This increased the number of hours people could work and play.

6.2. 2) The invention of the telegraph by Samuel Morse sped up and improved how we communicate and eventually led to the invention of the radio.

6.3. 3)Henry Bessemer developed a process to purify iron into steel, which allowed them to build buildings and bridges.

7. How did working conditions affect families?

7.1. Businesses needed workers and jobs became available to women. Since wages were low, both parents needed to work to earn money. Women would bring their young children to work with them to keep them off the street and sometimes children between the ages of 10-16 would work rather than go to school so they too could earn a wage for the family.