COMPUTER

1. COMPUTER GENERATIONS +Vacuum tube - 1946-1957 +Transistor - 1958-1964 +Small scale integration - 1965 on Up to 100 devices on a chip +Medium scale integration - to 1971 100-3,000 devices on a chip +Large scale integration - 1971-1977 3,000 - 100,000 devices on a chip +Very large scale integration - 1978 -1991 100,000 - 100,000,000 devices on a chip +Ultra large scale integration – 1991 - Over 100,000,000 devices on a chip

2. System Interconnection

2.1. The component communicates with each other to perform a task. The collection of paths connecting various modules is the SIC.

2.1.1. System Bus

2.1.1.1. Data Bus

2.1.1.2. Adress Bus

2.1.1.3. Control Bus

3. Function

3.1. Data Processing

3.2. Data Storage

3.3. Data Movement

3.4. Control

4. Problem with I/O: -Wide variety of peripherals -All slower than CPU and RAM -Need I/O modules

5. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

5.1. Its function is to control the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions

5.1.1. CPU Components

5.1.1.1. Control Unit

5.1.1.2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

5.1.1.3. Registers

6. Input/Output

6.1. enable the user to communicate with the computer

6.2. operations are performed using peripherals such disk drive, keyboard, mouse, printer, monitor etc

6.3. Every peripheral has different operation

7. Computer Memory System

7.1. Internal Memory

7.1.1. 1) Registers (in CPU)

7.1.2. 2) Cache

7.1.3. 3) Main Memory

7.1.3.1. RAM (Random Access Memory)

7.1.3.2. ROM (Read Only Memory)

7.2. External Memory

7.2.1. Example: 1. Magnetic Disk 2. Optical Disk 3. Magnetic Disk