1. abortion not allowed
1.1. prohibition
1.2. God will punish those who sin
2. Infertility
2.1. 12 months of trying with no pregnancy
2.2. emotionally straining
2.3. conflicts between couples if infertile
2.4. at least one in every ten couples in developing countries experience infertility
2.5. majority are from a Muslim religion
2.5.1. they live in developing countries who have the highest rates of infertility
2.5.2. majority is secondary infertility
2.6. Women in these areas expose themselves to many diseases and complications because they do not regularly contracept
2.7. Leads to physical, mental, and social abuse
3. adoption
3.1. outsider
3.2. does not receive the same benefits as blood relative
3.3. adoption is stigmatized; fostering is preferred
3.4. Not like Western adoption
3.5. does not receive the same name as new family
3.6. more like permanent fostering
3.7. prohibits adoption because of the Qur'an
4. Religion
4.1. constraints on certain medical procedures
4.2. people turn to religion rather than getting help from other people
4.3. abortion
4.3.1. must remove sin through submission to God
5. family
5.1. needs to include children or else not a true family
5.2. selfless actions for children
5.3. couples who do not have children are highly stigmatized
6. medical
6.1. laparoscopy
6.2. semen analysis
6.3. artificial insemination
6.4. ovulation-stimulating hormones
6.5. sperm stimulating hormones
6.6. ICSI and IVF
6.6.1. Muslim country so constraints
6.6.2. more than $30,000
6.6.3. 6 times
6.7. access to technological advances in the medical world
6.8. has the ability to support couples in reproduction
7. Amira
7.1. wanted to have many children
7.2. married off very young
7.2.1. unhappy in the marriage lead her to have four abortions so she was not stuck
7.2.2. divorced after 3 years
7.3. second marriage
7.3.1. unable to have children with him
7.3.2. had a laparoscopy before doctors looked at her husband
7.3.3. husband's sperm was bad
7.3.4. considered adoption
7.4. she underwent a sixth attempt to make a test tube baby
7.4.1. suffered complications
7.4.2. after this complication, she tried to transfer her frozen embryos from an IVF clinic
7.4.2.1. ended up not going through with it
8. Culture
8.1. secrecy of reproductive technology
8.2. constraints on new technology
8.3. Non-Western society
8.4. Responding to Western Technologies
8.4.1. rejecting women producing eggs for in vitro fertilization
8.4.2. prohibits third party donations
8.4.3. shortages of hormonal medications
8.4.3.1. leading to IVF across the border
8.4.4. IVF highly stigmatized
8.4.4.1. no support groups
8.4.4.2. no disclosure