THE GRAMMAR FOR ACADEMIC WRITING

1. TENSES & CONCORDANCE

1.1. Present tense

1.1.1. Introduction/Conclusion

1.1.2. General aspects

1.1.3. Results

1.2. Past tense

1.2.1. Methodology & Results

1.3. Future tense

1.3.1. Facts that will/might happen

2. Concordance subject/verb (same number)

3. CONNECTORS

3.1. COORDINATION (equal terms)

3.1.1. AND, OR, BUT, FOR, NOR, SO YET

3.2. SUBORDINATION (inequality, dependence

3.2.1. IF, AS, WHEN , BECAUSE

4. SPELLING CONVENTIONS & ACCURACY

4.1. CAREFUL SCREENING BY THE SPELLCHECKER

4.2. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AMERICAN AND BRITISH ENGLISH

4.3. USE A DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC TERMS

4.4. DO NOT USE UNNECESSARY COMMAS AND DO NOT HYPHENATE

4.5. NO CONTRACTIONS

4.6. DEFINE ABREVIATIONS THE FIRST TIME THE APPEAR

4.7. USE THE SPELLING RULES

5. ARTICLE, NOUN & ADJECTIVATION

5.1. COUNTABLE NOUNS

5.1.1. SINGULAR

5.1.1.1. DEFINITE

5.1.1.1.1. THE

5.1.1.2. INDEFINITE

5.1.1.2.1. A, AN

5.1.2. PLURAL

5.1.2.1. DEFINITE

5.1.2.1.1. THE

5.1.2.2. INDEFINITE

5.1.2.2.1. -

5.2. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

5.2.1. DEFINITE

5.2.1.1. THE

5.2.2. INDEFINITE

5.2.2.1. -

5.3. ADJECTIVE + NOUN

5.4. ADVERB + ADJECTIVE

6. PASSIVE VOICE

6.1. VERY SIGNIFICANT IN SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE

6.1.1. BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

6.1.1.1. - The facts stand on their own. - The accusations of bias are unsustainable. - It gives a feeling of logic.