Listening: What a language speacialist must know, but nobody says.
by MA. DEL SOCORRO ITURBE
1. Assesing listening: chapter 1: An overview of listening comprehension
2. THE INPUT TO THE LISTENER
2.1. THE ACOUSTIC INPUT
2.2. pHONOLOGICAL MODIFICATION
2.3. STRESS AND INTONATION
2.4. REDUNDANCY AND SHARED KNOWLEDGE
2.5. THE REAL-TIME NATURE OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE
2.6. THE NECESSSITY OF AUTOMATIC PROCESSING
2.7. INTERPRETATIONS VARY
3. 2. LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF SPOKEN TEST
3.1. pLANNED AND UNPLANNED DISCOUSE
3.2. LINGUISTIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPEECH AND WRITING
4. 4. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE OF THE LANGUAGE
5. 6. PROCESSING CONNECTED DISCOURSE
5.1. Cohesion
5.2. Foregrounding
6. 8. THE CONTEXT OF COMMUNICATION
6.1. sociolinguistic appropriacy
6.2. pragmatic interpretation
6.3. speech acts
6.4. Grice's maxims
7. 10. THE COGNITIVE ENVIRONMENT
8. 1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE USED IN LISTENING
8.1. THE BOTTOM-UP VS TOP-DOWN
9. 3. THE LISTENING SITUATION
9.1. THE DEGREE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE LISTENER AND SPEAKER
9.2. THE LISTENERS' RESPONSABILITY TO RESPOND
9.3. THE FUNCTION AND THE INTERACTION
10. 5. PROCCESING IDEA UNITS
11. 7. USING WORLD KNOWLEDGE
11.1. inferencing
11.2. SCRIPTS AND SCHEMA
12. 9. PRINCIPLES OF ANALOGY AND MINIMAL CHANGE
13. 11. BUILDING MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MEANING
13.1. The flow chart approach
13.2. MENTAL MODELS