1. The migrants' needs for integration and mutual trust are inevitably frustrated by: exclusion from the labour market, housing, health and education services, which proves the "host countries" incapacity to address and satisfy their basic needs responsibly.
2. In most countries, immigration authorities have the power to hold non-citizens on grounds relating to a person’s migration situation. This is an administrative or civil power that operates separately to the powers given to the police and criminal courts. Article 4 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture defines deprivation of liberty as “any form of detention or imprisonment or the placement of a person in a public or private custodial setting which that person is not permitted to leave at will by order of any judicial, administrative or other authority.” Immigration detention can occur at different times. It can occur when migration authorities first come in to contact with a person and they are unable to establish their identity or valid migration status.
3. Migrants, i. e. people living and working outside their home country, are particularly vulnerable to human rights violations. They often endure appalling conditions, being forced to long sea voyages, frequently ending up in tragedies. Many of them, after fleeing criminality, poverty, or environmental disasters lack any form of protection.
4. Pull and push factors: there are many economic, social and physical reasons why people emigrate and they can usually be classified into "push" and "pull factors". What are push and pull factors? Push factors are those associated with the area of origin. Pull factors are those that are associated with the area of destination.
5. AGENDA 2030: Goal 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies oriented towards sustainable development, guarantee access to justice for all and build effective, responsible and inclusive institutions at all levels 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and the associated mortality rate everywhere 16.2: End the abuse, exploitation, trafficking of children and all forms of violence and torture against them 16.3: Promote the rule of law nationally and internationally and ensure equal access to justice for all 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financing and arms trafficking, enhance the recovery and return of stolen assets and fight all forms of organized crime 16.5: Significantly reduce corruption and abuse of power in all their forms 16.6: Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels 16.7: Guarantee a responsible decision-making process, open to all, participatory and representative at all levels 16.8: Widen and strengthen the participation of developing countries in global governance institutions 16.9: By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration
