Schema

1. Bruner

1.1. scaffolding: how to model and show information so that it is easier to store

1.2. children need to learn for knowledgable adults explaining it to them

2. Kelly

2.1. Personal Construct Theory

2.1.1. people have their own construct of reality, based on their own experiences

3. Mental Structure

3.1. person schema: what I think about ppl

3.2. self schema: what I think about myself

3.3. scripts: general info about events, allows us to add details not given. Integrate info

3.3.1. ex) how I introduce myself

4. Piaget

4.1. assimilation & accomodation

4.1.1. assimilation: using existing schema to process new information

4.1.2. accommodation: happens after existing schema does not fit the new information so a new schema must be created

4.2. we assimilate as long as we can before accomodating

4.3. schemas allow us to make a construct for our reality based on experience and learning/watching others.

4.3.1. units of knowledge

5. Bartlett

5.1. experimented w/ schemas

5.1.1. "War of the Ghosts"

5.1.1.1. experiment: ppl's memory of things varies based on their personal schemas. Their experience, attitude, and beliefs influence their perception.

5.2. cognitive distortions

5.2.1. occurs in retrieval or encoding info

6. Serenades & Waiting Rooms

6.1. being told information or having it demonstrated before seeing it helps build the schema and understand the event when it is actually happening