Timeline of Diabetes

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Timeline of Diabetes by Mind Map: Timeline of Diabetes

1. ~100 B.C.

1.1. Aratacus (Cappadocia, Asia Minor)

1.1.1. named "diabetes" because the patient's urine appeared as if it had come through a siphon

2. 1706

2.1. John Rollo (England)

2.1.1. began some of the first diabetic treatments

2.1.2. not much was known about diabetes besides the excessive urination

3. 1879

3.1. Von Mering & Mikowski (Germany)

3.1.1. disproved Bernard's theory by showing that the removal of the pancreas could cause diabetes

3.1.2. looked for an anti diabetic substance in the pancreas, but were unsuccessful

4. ~1800

4.1. Claude Bernard (France)

4.1.1. discovered that the liver stored glycogen

4.1.2. discovered that the pancreas secreted a sugary fluid, and assumed this caused diabetes

4.1.3. incorrectly believed that the nervous system controlled secretion

5. ~300 B.C.

5.1. Indians

5.1.1. noted that ants congregated around diabetics' urine

6. ~1600

6.1. Thomas Willis

6.1.1. noted the sweet smell of diabetics' urine

7. 1922

7.1. Frederick Banting, J.J.R. Macloud, Charles Best, & J.B. Collip (Canada)

7.1.1. discovered insulin

7.1.2. after many tries, they prepared an extract from a dog's pancreas

7.1.3. tested the extract on a dog with diabetes and used another dog with diabetes given nothing in addition as a control

7.1.3.1. the dog with the substance lasted for three weeks, only dying when the substance ran out

7.1.3.2. the dog without the substance died after a few days

7.1.4. the first human patient, a 14 year old boy, received an insulin injection

7.1.4.1. this was unsuccesful

7.1.5. Collip purified a sample of insulin and was able to use it successfully

7.1.6. after hearing the news of the successful treatment, world leaders flocked to Toronto to see how the substance was made

8. 1923

8.1. Eli Lilly (US)

8.1.1. worked with the Toronto team to take insulin treatment to America

8.1.2. helped with the spread of the commercial use of insulin in western countries

8.1.3. early insulin treatments were very crude

8.1.3.1. quick and short acting ‘soluble’ or ‘regular’ insulin

8.1.3.2. had to be injected twice daily

8.1.3.3. impure

8.1.3.4. intramuscular injections

9. 1936

9.1. August Krogh (Denmark)

9.1.1. protamine zinc insulin was introduced

9.1.1.1. more pure

9.1.1.2. longer lasting

10. 1954

10.1. August Krogh (Denmark)

10.1.1. lente insulins were introduced

10.1.2. insulins were more purified

11. 1955

11.1. Fredrick Sanger

11.1.1. the composition of insulin, two chains of 51 amino acids linked by disulphide bridges, was discovered

11.1.2. received Nobel Prize

12. 1957

12.1. Solomon Berson & Rosalind Yalow

12.1.1. created an immunoassay of insulin

12.1.2. minute concentrations of insulin can be consistently measured, a huge improvement on the previous methods of bioassay

12.1.3. received Nobel Prize

13. 1926

13.1. J.J Abel

13.1.1. insulin was crystalized