VARIATION IN SPEECH BY ERIKA G.

1. Speech Community

1.1. People who speak a single language and share notions in phonology or grammar.

1.2. It is the abstract space which the patterned variations in selection from the available repertoire takes place.

2. Dialect Variations

2.1. Is the search for socially, spatially and geographically determined differences in various aspects of language.

2.2. PRINCIPLES

2.2.1. PHONETIC DRIFT: All languages change over time, as new words are added to deal with the new concepts.

2.2.2. People who communicate with each other tend to speak similarly.

3. Styles

3.1. Is related dimension of formality, marked specifically in morphological and lexical expression as being appropriate to specific social situations.

3.2. Is a unconscious accommodation because we automatically adjust our speech to be more like that of our interlocutor or audience design.

3.3. This is in opposition to normativism.

4. In Sociolinguistics, variation in speech are language practices of a group of people for interact and share a repertoire of languages varieties and a set of norms for using them.

5. Special Variety (Register)

5.1. Marked by a special set of vocabulary associated with defined social group.

5.2. JARGON: It serves to establish bonds between members of the ingroup and enforce boundaries for outsiders.

6. Domains

6.1. These are named usually for a place or an activity.

6.2. Characteristics

6.2.1. Place: Home

6.2.2. Role relationships: Family members

6.2.3. Topic: Activities of family

6.3. Multilingual Communities

6.3.1. Different languages may well be considered appropriate for different domains.

7. Slang and Solidarity

7.1. SLANG: Is a kind of jargon marked by its rejection of normal rules, its comparative freshness and its common ephemerality and its marked use to claim solidarity.

7.2. SOLIDARITY: Is an important social force that has a majorimpact on language.

7.3. Slang thus serves social functions, setting and proclaiming social boundaries and it emerged from need to develop new in group.

8. Language and gender

8.1. Language reflects, records and transmits social differences, which we can find reflexes of gender differences in language.

8.2. Such as the differences between masculine and feminine morphology.

8.3. Grammatical gender is marked mainly in pronouns.

9. Social stratification

9.1. The study of social class on speech.

10. Accommodation

10.1. The social isolation of specific groups explains why their languages or dialects remain relatively unaffected by that of other groups.

10.2. It explains the way that a person who moves to a new part gradually modifies his speech in the direction of the new norm.

10.3. Choice of vocabulary, grammatical forms and pronunciation.