1. NOW
1.1. Primary & Secondary Education
1.1.1. Malays were given 6 years of basic education to achieving these objectives:
1.1.1.1. Promote awareness regarding the importance of moral values
1.1.2. Indians - same basic education
1.1.2.1. employed as labourers in the rubber estates and railway tracks
1.1.3. Chinese are setting up with their own
1.1.3.1. It was not the British Colonial Government's responsibility to provide education for the citizens of this country.
2. Before
2.1. English School
2.1.1. school were run by missionaries and the british goverment
2.1.2. provided primary and secondary education under the provision of colonial goverment
2.1.3. example of english schools
2.1.3.1. penang free school
2.1.3.2. malacca high school
2.1.3.3. singapore free school
2.1.3.4. victoria institution
2.1.4. they were the least popular schools in the late 19th and 20th century, especialy among malays
2.1.5. most schools were established in the urban areas and out of reach of the rural folks in term of distances and schools fees
2.1.6. furthemore, the malays felt english education did not suit their religion and culture
2.1.7. the were affraid the younger generation would be influenced by the christian missionaries
2.2. Malay School
2.2.1. student were taught with basic reading, writing and arithmetic as well as academic subject such as Malay history and geography
2.2.2. school were set up to ensure the younger generation were able to provide themselves and their future generation with living skills
2.2.3. However, it garnered little response from the Malay society because skills like reading, writing and arithmetic were of little use to the village folk
2.2.4. in addition, children were expected to carry out duties at home or in the fields
2.2.5. thus, the british government implement compulsory education in the late 1880s and early 1890s
2.2.6. malay chiefs were commissioned to encourage parent to send their children to school
2.2.7. the number of student increased to 8000 in 1909
2.3. Chinese School
2.3.1. teacher were imported from China
2.3.2. textbooks were written and printed in china, comprised of the history, culture and geography of china
2.3.3. example of school
2.3.3.1. contonese schools, kampong glan, singapore
2.3.3.2. hokkien School, perkin street
2.3.4. mandarin was introduced to eneble various group with different dialect to communicate
2.4. Tamil School
2.4.1. early 19th century, the missionaries ran formal indian education but garnered less response from the indians
2.4.2. 1923, the british passed the labour ordinance which stipulated that plantation owner in the federated malay states were required to provide education for the childen of labourers at their own expenses
2.4.3. tamil schools existed were of poor quality due to bi guidelines or provision to enforce indian education.
2.4.4. most of the teacher were either not trained or equipped with little training
2.4.5. the were mainly comprised of indian labour recruiters, clerks and other estate labourers
2.4.6. the medium of instruction were tamil, thelugu, malayalam, punjabi, hindi
2.4.7. indian schools imported school textbooks and material from india