Speculative code execution attacks

1. Microprocessor architecture

1.1. History

1.2. Rational

2. Variants

2.1. Eager execution

2.2. Predictive execution

2.3. Lazy execution

3. Attacks

3.1. Meltdown

3.2. Spectre

3.3. Foreshadow

4. Mitigation

4.1. Software

4.2. Microcode

5. Future implications

5.1. Processor design

5.2. Processor efficiency

5.3. Costs