1. MUST x HAVE TO ( obrigação )
1.1. You must study English everyday for 2 hours.
1.1.1. quando algo/alguém impõe
1.2. I have to move back to Rio this year.
1.2.1. consciencia pesa como consequencia de fatores externos
1.3. passado
1.3.1. I had to pay the bills yesterday.
1.4. ?
1.4.1. Does he have to do the test?
2. MAY / MIGHT
2.1. POSSIBILIDADE (pequena)
2.1.1. may - pequena
2.1.1.1. It may rain.
2.1.2. might - pequenininha
2.1.2.1. It might rain.
2.2. MAY - PEDIDO / DAR PERMISSÃO (autoridade)
2.2.1. Can I go to the bathroom? x May go to the bathroom?
2.3. May - DESEJO
2.3.1. May God bless you. / May your dreams become true.
2.4. ESPECULAÇÃO SOBRE ALGO NO PASSADO
2.4.1. She's late. She may have missed her plane.
3. MUST
3.1. OBRIGAÇÃO
3.1.1. You must sleep now.
3.2. DEDUÇÃO (alguma coisa que é verdadeira)
3.2.1. He must be working. / It's snowing.It must be cold outside.
3.3. NECESSITY ( + forte que o "need to")
3.3.1. You must take Maggie to step on grass once a month.
3.4. RECOMENDAÇÃO (+ forte que o "should")
3.4.1. Don't tell anybody what I said. You must keep it a secret.
3.5. MUSN'T
3.5.1. PROIBIÇÃO
3.5.1.1. You musn't smoke in here. / You musn't text while driving.
4. HAD BETTER
4.1. se você não fizer a coisa, a consequência é grave/gravíssima
4.1.1. You had better pay me back.
4.2. contraction : 'd
4.2.1. You'd better pay me back.
4.3. arrependimento (+ forte que o "should have" )
4.3.1. I had better talked to her about it.
4.4. (-) had better not + verb
5. SHOULD
5.1. SUGESTÃO / CONSELHO
5.1.1. You should apply for Emirates next year.
5.2. POSSIBILIDADE (mais perto do real)
5.2.1. She should be at home now. Give her a call.
5.3. PREVISÃO
5.3.1. She should pass on the exam because she has studied.
5.4. SHOULD(N'T) + HAVE/HAS PARTICIPLE (arrependimento)
5.4.1. They should have sent their resume to Azul.
5.5. SHOULD BE + -ING
5.5.1. You should be wearing your seatbelt. We're heading to a turbulent area.
5.6. OUGHT TO = SHOULD
5.7. SHOULDN'T
5.7.1. You shouldn't throw your litter onto the street.
5.7.2. You shouldn't work so much.
6. MODAL+HAVE
6.1. MUST HAVE + verb (3a coluna - participle)
6.1.1. Acreditamos que aquilo realmente aconteceu
6.1.1.1. She must have left the house by now; it’s nearly 11 o'clock
6.1.1.2. She usually leaves her house before 11 o’clock so I deduce that she has definitely left the house.
6.2. CAN'T HAVE
6.2.1. Oposto de must have -não aconteceu at all
6.2.1.1. She can’t have left the house yet because her car is still outside.
6.3. MIGHT HAVE
6.3.1. Talvez tenha acontecido mas não tenho certeza
6.3.1.1. She might have gone to the shops
6.4. MIGHT NOT HAVE
6.4.1. Talvez não tenha acontecido mas não tenho certeza
6.4.1.1. He might not have finished his exams yet.
7. CAN
7.1. HABILIDADE
7.1.1. I can speak English.
7.2. POSSIBILIDADE
7.2.1. I can call you later.
7.3. PERMISSÃO (informal)
7.3.1. Can I go to the bathroom?
7.4. FAZER PEDIDO (?)
7.4.1. Can you lend me your pen?
7.5. OFERECIMENTO (informal)
7.5.1. I can get you a drink, If you want to.
7.6. n't --> cannot
8. COULD
8.1. HABILIDADE (past)
8.1.1. When I was 8 years old I could swim everyday.
8.2. POSSIBILIDADE
8.2.1. Aircraft crashes could be prevented.
8.3. PERMISSÃO (polite + please)
8.3.1. Could you open the shade, please?
8.4. FAZER PEDIDO (polite + please)
8.4.1. Could you, please, fasten your seat belt?
8.5. SUGGESTION (polite)
8.5.1. We could go to that Japanese restaurant.
9. WOULD
9.1. CONDIÇÃO 2a / 3a (possibilidade)
9.1.1. I would call Liz, but I don't have her number. /2a If I had her number, I would call her.
9.1.2. 3a If I had had her number, I would have called her.
9.2. PEDIDO / Request
9.2.1. Would I use your computer, please?
9.3. OFERECER
9.3.1. Would you like something to drink, sir / madam - ma'am?
9.4. CAN x WOULD - OFERECER
9.4.1. Can I get you something to drink?
9.5. HÁBITOS DO PASSADO
9.5.1. When I lived in Rio, I would see my friends every weekend.