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Element Families by Mind Map: Element Families

1. Alkaline metals

1.1. The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure.

1.1.1. The alkaline metals are: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra).

1.1.1.1. Properties: •Found in column 1A of the periodic table •They have one electron in their outermost layer of electrons •Easily ionized •Silvery •Soft •Not dense •Low melting points •Incredibly reactive

1.1.2. Location: In te first group.

2. Noble gases

2.1. Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe)

2.1.1. •They are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valance electrons their outer shell can hold. Therefore, they rarely react with other elements because they are already stable. •They all conduct electricity • Fluoresce • Odorless • Colorless •Fairly nonreactive •Complete outer electron or valence shell (oxidation number = 0)

2.1.1.1. • High ionization energies • very low electronegativities • Low bowling points (all monoatomic gases at room temperature) • Nonflammable

2.1.2. Location: is in te group 18

3. Lanthanides

3.1. Description: Are elements that share common characteristics with lanthanum

3.1.1. Place: first row, elements from 57-71

3.1.1.1. Properties: bright, reactive to aluminium compounds, at high temperatures lanthanides react with n.P,As,Sb

3.1.1.1.1. Examples: Yb,Y, Sc, Tb, La, Pr, Ce, Er, Pm

4. Other metals

4.1. Description: these elements are solid and have a relatively high density and are opaque

4.1.1. Location: groups 13,14,15

4.1.1.1. Properties: Solid, Ductile and malleable, Good conductors, have a relatively high density, Opaque

4.1.1.1.1. Examples: Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Tin, Thallium, Bismuth

5. Metalloids

5.1. The elements of the periodic table can be divided into three main categories: Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids.

5.1.1. Examples- boron, tellurium, antimony, silicon, etc.

5.1.1.1. Characteristics : seven metalloids, most common is silicon, some are used to make semiconductors.

6. Actinoids

6.1. Set of radioactive elements.

6.1.1. Elements that are actinoids are: Ac, Th, Pa, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr

6.1.1.1. All are radioactive, actinides are highly electropositive, tend to be really soft actinide metals, are paramagnetic.

7. Halogens

7.1. Description: they exist in the free state normally as diatomic molecules.

7.1.1. Place: group VII

7.1.1.1. Properties: non metal elements, highly reactive, very dangerous

7.1.1.1.1. Examples: fluorine, chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and astatine.