Perspectives on the design of learning environments

1. Assessment-Centered: Focus on providing opportunities for feedback and revision. In this environment, testing and critique are used to provide learners with opportunities to rethink and revise their ideas.

1.1. Formative assessment occurs when the learner is in the process of making meaning of new content to prepare for interim assessment and feeback from the instructor.

1.2. Summative assessment takes place at the end of a large chunk of learning with the results being primarily for the instructor's data and school's use.

2. Learner-centered: Focus on the attitudes, skills, knowledge, and beliefs that students bring to an instructional setting.

2.1. The focus is on formulating problems; Collecting and organizing data & formulating answers.

2.2. It features the teacher as the facilitator through: Constructive approach and differentiating instructions.

3. Knowledge-Centered: Focus on the information and activities that help learners develop an understanding of disciplines

3.1. Knowledge is broader; deeper and contains rich information.

3.2. Awareness and/or familiarity gained by experience of facts for situation.

3.2.1. Name

3.2.2. Office hours

3.2.3. Contact

4. community-centered: Focus on people learning from one another and contributing to the larger societies of people who share common interests and/or goals.

4.1. A group of people with a common goal and interest for improvement

4.2. A group of people who share experiences through collaboration