THE BIG BANG THEORY

1. THE THEORIES

1.1. 1912 Vesto Melvin Slipher THE EXPANDING-UNIVERSE THEORY -stars and heavenly bodies are moving away from a central point

1.2. 1921 Albert Einstein THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY -in a vacuum, light travels at the same acceleration as everything else

1.3. 1922 Alexander Friedmann REFINED EINSTEIN'S THEORY OF RELATIVITY -the universe is a continuously expanding entity

1.4. 1924 Edwin Hubble THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE -discovery of the redshift wherein spectral lines are observed to pass through a prism are shifted through a red part of the electromagnetic spectrum

1.5. 1927 George Lemaitre UTILIZATION OF EINSTEIN'S AND FRIENDMANN'S RESULTS -the universe was once concentrated in one single mass

1.6. Where the final Argumentations of Big Bang Theory began

2. THE ORIGIN

2.1. 1. PLANK EPOCH TEMPERATURE: 10^-40 KELVIN -no matter existed at this time; only energy and the super force of nature mainly gravity, strong nuclear, weak, and electromagnetic

2.2. 2. GRAND UNIFICATION EPOCH TEMPERATURE: 10^-36 KELVIN -occurred when the strong nuclear broke away making it separated from the other fundamental forces

2.3. 3. INFLATIONARY EPOCH TEMPERATURE: 10^-33 KELVIN -the universe underwent an extremely rapid exponential expansion. The universe was very hot and it churned electrons, quarks, and other particles

2.4. 4. ELECTROWEAK EPOCH TEMPERATURE: 10^-20 KELVIN -the two forces of nature finally split off the weak and electromagnetic

2.5. 5. QUARK EPOCH TEMPERATURE: 10^-16 KELVIN -the particles needed by the universe are complete. however, the universe is still too hot and dense for subatomic particles to form

2.6. 6. HADRON EPOCH TEMPERATURE: 10^-10 KELVIN -the universe cooled down enough for quarks to bind together and form protons and neutrons

2.7. 7. LEPTON AND NUCLEAR EPOCH TEMPERATURES: 10^-12 KELVIN AND 10^9 KELVIN -lastly, the protons and neutrons underwent a significant change which therefore fused and created nuclei, forming the first element in the universe: helium.

2.8. This eventually formed the creation of stars and new planets.