1. 1 What is it?
1.1. Climate change is a large-scale, long-term shift in the planet's weather patterns and average temperatures.
2. 2 How is it happening?
2.1. Climate change is happening because carbon gases in Earth's atmosphere (the greenhouse gases) trap the Sun's heat. This process warms the Earth . Human behaviour has increased these gases so Earth's temperature is rising
3. 3 What are the consequences?
3.1. Climate change has consequences which all come from the rise in Earth's temperature
3.1.1. Climate instability
4. 4 How can it be controlled?
4.1. Climate change can only be controlled by changing human behavior to reduce the production of greenhouse gases
4.1.1. All feasible paths to a low carbon economy and, eventually, net zero carbon dioxide emissions require a massive increase in the role of electricity. The share of electricity in final energy demand will have to grow from around 20 percent today to around 60 percent by middle to latter half of the century, and total global electricity generation will have to rise dramatically, from around 25,000 terawatt-hours today to as much as 100,000 TWh.
4.1.2. Hydrogen, ammonia and perhaps methanol must be used as energy carriers in transport and industrial applications and as chemical feedstock inputs. All three will eventually be produced synthetically, using clean electricity as the ultimate energy source.
4.1.3. Biomass could provide low carbon aviation fuel, or feedstock for plastics production. The total scale of use, however, will need to be carefully managed to avoid harmful impacts on ecosystems and food supply.
4.1.4. There should be at least some role for carbon capture, and either storage or use, in key industrial processes such as cement production, where viable alternative routes to decarbonization are currently unavailable.