1. The Beveridge Model
1.1. Originated
1.1.1. William Beverage - Named after a daring social reformer. Designed Britain's National Health Service
1.2. Factors
1.3. Access
1.3.1. Care is provided for all citizens
1.3.2. Currently found in Great Britain, Spain, and New Zealand.
1.4. Costs
1.5. Finance
1.5.1. Care is provided and financed by the government through tax payments
2. The National Health Insurance Model
2.1. Originated
2.1.1. Elements of both Beveridge & Bismarck Healthcare Model
2.2. Factors
2.2.1. Care is delivered through private sector providers
2.2.2. Universal insurance program which tend to be less expensive and have lower administrative costs than American-style for-profit insurance plans.
2.2.3. Plans also control costs by limiting the medical services they pay for and/or requiring patients wait to be treated
2.3. Access
2.3.1. Found in Canada
2.4. Costs
2.4.1. Citizens fund through a premium or tax
2.5. Finance
2.5.1. Government finances through government run insurance program that every citizen pay into
3. The Bismarck Model
3.1. Originated
3.1.1. Named for the Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Invented the welfare state as part of the unification of Germany in the 19th century
3.2. Factors
3.2.1. Doctors and hospitals are private in Bismarck countries
3.3. Access
3.3.1. Found in Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Japan, and Switzerland
3.3.2. Everyone has access, includes all citizens
3.4. Costs
3.4.1. Multi-Payer model
3.5. Finance
3.5.1. Model is not profitable
3.5.2. Uses an insurance system and is financed jointly by employers and employees through payroll deduction
4. The Out-of-Pocket Model
4.1. Originiated
4.2. Factors
4.2.1. Used in countries that are poor or disorganized to provide any kind of national health care system
4.2.2. Found in rural regions of Africa, India, China, and South America, hundreds of millions of people go their whole lives without ever seeing a doctor
4.3. Access
4.3.1. Found throughout the world
4.4. Costs
4.4.1. Individuals that can pay for health care get it, and those that do not stay sick or die