Expression of Concentration
by rajendra kotadiya
1. Formality
1.1. No. of gram formal weight of the solute dissolved per litre of solution
1.1.1. F=GFWt/Litre of solution
2. Percentage
2.1. %wt/wt
2.2. %wt/vol
2.3. % vol/vol
2.4. % Vol/Wt
2.5. amount of the solute per 100 parts of the solution
2.6. It can also be called as parts per hundred (pph)
3. Mole fraction
3.1. X1=No. moles of solute 1/Total number of moles of solution
4. ppm
4.1. [mass of solute/mass of solution] x 1000000
4.1.1. mg of solute/kg of solution
5. Normality
5.1. N
5.1.1. It is defined as the number of gram equivalents (equivalent weight in grams) of a solute present per litre of the solution.
5.1.1.1. N = MW/(Valence of solute x Volume of solution in liter)
5.1.1.2. N=Gram Eqt. Wt of solute/Vol of solution in litre
5.1.1.3. N= Molarity X Basicity
6. Molarity
6.1. No. moles of solute dissolved in 1L of solution
6.1.1. M=Moles of solute / Vol of solution in L
6.2. M
7. Molality
7.1. No. of moles of solute dissolved in 1000g or 1Kg of solvent
7.1.1. m
7.1.1.1. m=moles of solute/1Kg of solvent
8. ppb
8.1. [mass of solute/mass of solution] x 1000000000
8.1.1. microgram of solute/kg of solution