1. Morphology
1.1. The study of the structure of words.
1.1.1. Linguistists divide morphology into two subcategories: inflectional and derivational.
1.1.1.1. Inflectional morphology pertains to the way bound morphemes make inflectional changes to the word.
1.1.1.2. Derivational morphology addresses word formation. Ex. includes prefixes and suffixes
2. Pragmatics
2.1. The branch of linguistics dealing with language in use and the contexts in which it is used, including such matters as deixis, the taking of turns in conversation, text organization, presupposition, and implicature.
2.1.1. Example: My fiance asks me, in a harsh tone, "why did you leave the groceries out on the counter?" My understanding of pragmatics tells me that even though the sentence was framed as a question, it is instead a request/command to put the groceries away.
3. Semantics
3.1. Study of the meaning of words and phrases.
3.1.1. Examples include synonyms, antonyms, homonyms and homophones.
4. Spelling
4.1. The process or activity of writing or naming the letters of a word.
5. Wright, W. E. (2015). Foundations for teaching English language learners: Research, theory, policy, and practice. Philadelphia: Caslon Publishing.
6. Phonology
6.1. Phonology is the study of the sound systems in language.
6.1.1. Image result for phonology examplescourses.nus.edu.sg An example of phonology is the study of different sounds and the way they come together to form speech and words - such as the comparison of the sounds of the two "p" sounds in "pop-up."aljd
7. Syntax
7.1. The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
7.1.1. Correct syntax examples include word choice, matching number and tense, and placing words and phrases in the right order.
8. Lexicon
8.1. The vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge.
8.1.1. Its sounds/sequencing, its meaning, its category, and how it is related to other words