Translation Procedurestion

1. TRANSLATION PROCEDURES

1.1. CLOSE TRANSLATION)

1.1.1. ONE-TO-ONE TRANSLATION

1.1.2. LITERAL TRANSLATION

1.1.3. WORD-FOR-WORD TRANSLATION

1.2. CALQUE

1.2.1. THROUGH-TRANSLATION

1.3. BORROWING

1.3.1. TRANSFERENCE

1.3.2. SYNONYMY

1.4. DIRECT TRANSFER

1.4.1. NATURALISATION

1.5. MODULATION

1.5.1. Positive for Double Negative, Double Negative for Positive

1.5.2. Abstract for Concrete

1.5.3. Cause for Effect

1.5.4. One Part for Another

1.5.5. Reversal of Terms

1.5.6. Active for Passive

1.6. AMPLIFICATION

1.6.1. EXPANSION

1.6.2. DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT

1.6.3. PARAPHRASE

1.6.4. EXPLICITATION

1.7. CONCENTRATION

1.7.1. REDUCTION

1.7.2. OMISSION

2. Translation procedures, strategies and methods