Causes of Disabilities

1. Genetics

1.1. Chromosomal abnormalities

1.2. Mutation of genes

1.3. Hereditary traits or condition

2. Biological Causes/Influences

2.1. Differences in formation and function of parts of the brain

2.1.1. Excess or Deficiency in neurotransmitters in brain

2.2. Parts of the brain may not communicate effectively or work as efficiently/correctly

2.3. Different medical conditions/disorders have associated learning difficulties with it

2.4. Prenatal conditions

2.4.1. Exposure to toxins, nutrition of mother, exposure to drugs

2.5. Child may not meet milestones during early development - if no prevention and intervention is performed child will continue to fall behind and miss out on skill development

2.6. Trauma or medical event occurring during delivery or right after

3. Environmental Risk Factors - the Interplay

3.1. Level of access and exposure to education and early language

3.2. Resiliency and Protective Factors

3.3. Child's exposure to trauma or adverse experiences,

3.4. Home environment - parental education, discipline, structure/safe environment; experience divorce or death

3.5. Resiliency➔Patterns of desirable adaptation in situations where adversity has threatened normal development (Masten, 1999) ➔Students who have “beat the odds” or “bounced back” ➔Socially and contextually influenced process

4. Notes regarding specific disabilities and the brain

4.1. children with dyslexia while reading the visual processing part of their brain lights up. while students without dyslexia their sound processing part of their brain lights up

4.2. Parietal Lobe- connection to autism.

4.2.1. sensory processing, touch, taste, smell, temp.

4.3. proprioception- the sense that helps a child with body awareness. Recognizing ones body in space!

4.4. Lack of development in Brocca's Area - affecting their ability to speak

4.5. Temporal Lobe- Linked to learning/intellectual disabilities

4.6. Lack or excess of neurotransmitters can cause different disorders or disabilities

4.7. Proprioception- is the sense that helps a child with body awareness

4.8. Students who exhibit bad behavior cannot move on to the higher levels from the lower levels, they are stuck in the limbic system

4.9. Students with autism have difficulty with sensory processing. This is connected with the parietal lobe.

4.10. The limbic system - ability to manage emotions, fight or flight, memory, regulating aggression

4.11. wernicke's area- speech / language comprehension

4.12. Poor balance and coordination can be an early sign of a disability

4.13. Vestibular- the sense that detects movement through sensory receptors in the inner ear

4.14. Students can become over/under stimulated

4.15. Vestibular: The sense that detects movement through sensory.