IIU FRANCISCO VALLE
by Francisco Valle
1. priority was to provide for the common welfare. Jane Adams argued that real democracy must operate from a sense of social morality that would foster something the greater/good of all rather than protect those with wealth power
2. New York charity organization society is founded
2.1. In 1876 she became the first woman appointed a commissioner of the New York Charities Commission helped out everyone who were in need in the gilded age
3. Jacob Riss publishes how the other halves live
3.1. Focused on poverty in the gilded age
3.2. Exposed poor living conditions in New York life of slums
3.3. Unsanitary living conditions for immigrants in New York
4. National labour union created
4.1. Congress to pass a law limiting the workday to eight hour
4.2. bring together disparate labor unions to work for common goals important to all working men and women
4.3. Covered other organizations like Knights of labor and American federation of labor
5. Dispensaries
5.1. Afford Medical treatments for patients
5.2. Help out the public who didn’t have enough money to buy their treatments
5.3. Helped out the progressive reforms
6. Department of labor added to the cabinet
6.1. responsible for occupational safety, wage and hour standards, an unemployment insurance
7. Clayton antitrust act
7.1. defines unethical business practices, such as price fixing and monopolies, and upholds various rights of labor
7.2. Fair competition just like the federal commission trade with other business
7.3. law passed during the era of the Progressive Movement to protect trade and commerce
7.4. gave unions the right to exist and affirmed the right of workers to go on strike.
8. Department of health add to cabinet
8.1. A new led of progressive reform for progressive era secured everyone’s safety
8.2. Protecting all the health of individuals of diseases and prevention
9. Jacob Riis publishes children of the poor
9.1. Exposed poor living conditions
9.2. Jacob riis was a muckraking journalist
9.3. Talks about corruption of government and slum as a child and related to the jungle
10. Upton Sinclair Publish the jungle
10.1. Exposed all unsanitary drugs and food, lead to the pure food and drug act inspired by the muckrakers
10.2. Many people in society were reading his books about unsanitary foods
10.3. Considers himself as a journalist just like all the muckrakers
11. Pendleton Civil service Act
11.1. made it illegal to fire or demote these government officials for political reasons
11.2. Government Employees should be selected through competitive exams
12. workers finish construction on theTranscontinental railroad
12.1. Majority Chinese immigrants finish the 1st transcontinental railroad
12.2. It impacted soo much in the gilded age huge transportation for everyone
12.3. A new invention for the era for railroads
13. Pure food and drug act
13.1. centerpiece of progressive reforms in the early 20th century.
13.2. banned manufacturers from selling mislabeled products, from adulterating food with unacceptable ingredients, and from misleading consumers with false claims.
13.3. The muckrakers had successfully heightened public awareness of safety issues
14. Sheppard towner act
14.1. Provided child care and federal funding for women who have new borne or maternity’s
14.2. Influences the children’s bureau and women’s health
14.3. Many women’s advocated this act and pushed progressive reform to congress
15. Webb alíen land law passed in California
15.1. prohibited "aliens ineligible for citizenship" from owning agricultural land or possessing long-term leases over it, but permitted leases lasting up to three years.
15.2. It impacted the Chinese Exclusion Act it effected many Chinese who were living in California
15.3. It was mostly Koreans, Indians, Japanese, and other ethnicities that were living in California
16. American medical association
16.1. “to promote the science and art of medicine and the betterment of public health.”
16.2. Drug companies were required to show proof of the effectiveness of their drugs to advertise them in AMA's journal
16.3. Helped secured the life of citizens and helped discovered new ideas,medication for everyone and lead to progressive era
17. Pullman strike
17.1. Wide spread of railroad strike
17.2. It effected gilded age
17.3. It effected the Pullman company
18. Yellow journalism
18.1. A style of bit present exaggeration pushing forward that help the United States And Spain into war with cuba and the Philippines and leading U.S Territory
18.2. Leaded a new time of era in the United States and it help the industry’s
19. 17th amendment
19.1. gives voters the power to directly elect their senators. It also states that the U.S. Senate includes two senators from each state, and that each senator has one vote in the Senate.
20. Social Darwinism
20.1. “All societies advanced through 4 stages( from hunter gathering to commercial society as they progress from rudeness to reinforcement”
20.2. “Competition between human beings for the scarce resources required for subsistence”
20.3. “Spencer’s ideas about selection also were born from his political beliefs: he repudiated government interference with the “natural”, unimpeded growth of society”
21. Knights of labor
21.1. secret organization meant to protect its members from employer retaliations.
21.2. producing groups such as shopkeepers and farmers as well as laborers it proposed a system of worker cooperatives to replace capitalism.
21.3. The union united skilled and unskilled laborers in the countryside and cities in one group
21.3.1. Allowed blank women to be involved not like the labor union
21.4. Survived the gilded also
22. Great Railroad Strike of 1877
22.1. violent rail strikes across the United States in 1877.
22.2. The strikes were precipitated by wage cuts announced by the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad
22.3. The men, many of them from Canton in southern China, had demands: They wanted pay equal to whites, shorter workdays, and better conditions for building the country’s first transcontinental railroad.
22.4. Laborers helped out to build out railroads but had hard working hours and low wages
23. 19th amendment
23.1. Impacted the progressive era
23.1.1. Helped out temperance movements with women
23.2. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied
23.3. Alva Vanderbilt helium made the 19th amendment
23.4. Led great voices to everyone
23.5. EST. The 17th amendment too
24. Women’s bureau
24.1. shall promote the welfare of wage-earning women, improve their working conditions, increase their efficiency, and advance their opportunities for profitable employment.
25. Children’s bureau
25.1. Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families.
25.2. Help eliminate poverty and poor living conditions for children
25.3. advocating for playgrounds, establishing visiting nurse systems, promoting the registration of births, and opposing child labor.
26. Wets
26.1. People who supported use of alcohol
26.2. the Wets wanted the 18th Amendment repeal
26.2.1. Have house parties
26.3. Obtain alcohol illegally
26.4. Against prohibition
27. Alva Vanderbilt
27.1. was a champion of woman suffrage and equal rights for women. She provided financial support and amazing leadership for the campaign to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
28. Women suffrage
28.1. struggle for the right of women to vote and run for office and is part of the overall women’s rights movement
28.2. Jane Adams was one of the leaders of women’s suffrage
28.2.1. H
29. Mary hunt
29.1. Help to develop and legislate the Eighteenth Amendment which put Prohibition into effect in the United States.
30. Drys
30.1. Prohibition benefited Americans
30.1.1. Groups who supported for ban of alcohols like religious groups
31. Populist party
31.1. -
31.2. fights to close the gap between the wealthy and poor and champion the needy and disenfranchised.
31.3. Populist party concentration on agrarian issues did not easily resonate with the expanding urban population
31.4. Supported income tax based on earnings to support government rather than the tariffs than charge to farmers
31.4.1. Demanded shorter work days, government loans, secret valid voting, election valid reforms
32. Hay Market Riot
32.1. Labor protesters rally near Chicago’s Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police.
32.2. eight people died as a result of the violence that day. 8 radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing.
33. Homestead Act
33.1. -
33.1.1. Abraham Lincoln was the one who signed the law to be passed
33.2. Native Americans were forced from their lands and onto reservations to make way for homesteaders.
33.3. homesteaders paid a filing fee of $18—$10 to make a temporary claim on the land, $2 for commission to the land agent and an additional $6 final payment to receive an official patent on the land.
33.4. accelerated settlement of U.S. western territory by allowing any American, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land.
34. millions of immigrants&farmers poured out into cities such as New York,Boston,St. Louis looking for work and urbanization
35. inventions
35.1. telegraphs were important inventions and made it easier for people to communicate
35.2. Telephones made faster communication than the telegraph
36. Labor unions
36.1. generally supported any candidate who would fight for shorter workdays, higher wages, and better working conditions.
36.2. Poor people supported
36.2.1. Many men and women joined to the man better wages and safe working conditions
36.2.1.1. They constructed the Panama Canal
37. the progressive era
37.1. Period of widespread social activism and political reform. The main objective of the progressive movement was eliminating corruption in government
37.1.1. Social progressive
37.1.1.1. Female social justice progressive helped write national anti-child labor legislation, minimum wage because this shows how women helped stop Child labor
37.1.2. Political progressive
37.1.2.1. Political progressive were mostly men wanted good government establish city councils and Solving urban problems
37.1.3. Economic progressive
37.1.3.1. Economic progressivism is based on the idea that capitalist markets are inherently unfair, favoring large corporations and the wealthy.
37.2. Progressivism is supporting social reform
37.2.1. Measure of social justice for all people, to eliminate political corruption, and to rebalance the relationship among business,labor and consumer by introducing economic regulations
38. Muckrakers
38.1. problems of the time, including poor industrial working conditions,poor urban living conditions and unscrupulous business practices
38.2. Upton Sinclair is one of the leaders of this movement. He was a writer and a political writer
38.3. Were journalists who exposed unsanitary conditions that will lead serious of acts
38.4. Exploited child labor
39. Hull House opens
39.1. one of the first social settlement in Chicago in 1889 when Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr rented an Abandoned residence at 800 south Halsted st. that had been built by Charles G. Hull in 1856
39.2. Its initial programs included providing recreational facilities for slum children, fighting for child labor laws, and helping immigrants become U.S. citizens.
39.3. Help solve neighborhood problems and help immigrant learn English
39.4. New Topic
40. Meat Inspection Act
40.1. prohibited the sale misbranded live stocks
40.2. Established sanitary standards for slaughterhouses and meat processing plants
41. The Social Gospel movement
41.1. They wanted to abolish child labor
41.2. Many labor unions began joining the social gospel movement
41.3. Many Protestants progressives
41.4. Applied to Christians solved social problems get rid of prohibition, racism, crime and more
42. Federal Commission trade's
42.1. The principle mission is the promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of controlling business
42.2. Eliminates coercive monopoly
43. Railroads
43.1. Railroads helped farmers by shipping crops to new markets but hurt farmers by charging high shipping rates
43.1.1. Andrew Carnegie worked for the Pennsylvania railroads to and left the Pennsylvania railroads to pursue his virtues
43.2. Transport steel,oils place to place and led transportation easy for people
44. Industrialization
44.1. J.P Morgan
44.1.1. powerful man incorporated with the industry of railroads
45. Urbanization
45.1. The nation biggest draw was New York, where the population had nearly double in a single generation
45.2. Women secured nursing municipal public health they were responsible for their cities implemented new clean water systems
46. worked long hours in dangerous factory conditions for very little money.
46.1. Constructed the Panama Canal
47. Many possibilities and hope for Americans, the richest families in the U.S less than 1% scooped up the most of the treasure, and the rich gain everything
48. “Preventatives V. Palliatives medicine (“public Heath private health
48.1. Palliatives are patients that we’re dealing with life threatening diseases
48.2. Preventatives were medical doctors trying to prevent threatening diseases like AIDS,Cancer an other ones
49. George Westing house experiments with altering currents
49.1. George Westinghouse was an American inventor who discovered Electric alternative currents for the kitchen or any electrical stuff
50. Physical exam 1st time to all immigrants
50.1. The first physical exam to make sure that they are healthy with sanitary conditions
51. Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D and shows that its absence causes rickets
51.1. Edward Mellanby used the experimental method to investigate medical problems
51.2. he provided evidence that rickets is a dietary deficiency disease due to lack of a fat-soluble vitamin [D
52. First successful human blood transfer
52.1. Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian physician, discovers the first three human blood groups, A, B, and C. Blood type C was later changed to O
53. Karl Landsteiner describes blood compatibility and rejection
53.1. Discovered ABO system of blood typing that has made blood transfusion a routine medical practice.
53.2. Saved a million of people with the blood compatibility
54. Sherman Anti-Trust-Act
54.1. authorized federal action against any combination in the form of trusts or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade.
55. Bessemer process is patented
55.1. Inexpensive process for the mass production of steal created by Henry Bessemer
55.2. Andrew Carnegie used the Bessemer process for his steel production
55.3. The steel was an important resource in production of railroads and steel mills
55.4. Bessemer process helped made billions of dollars that helped the economy in the gilded age
56. Lochner V. NY (1905)
56.1. Lochner was accused having a baker who worked more than 60 hours a week and violated the14th amendment
57. Muller V. Oregon (1908)
57.1. Oregon enacted a law that limited women to ten hours of work in factories and laundries. The owner of a laundry business, Curt Muller, was fined $10 when he violated the law. Muller appealed the conviction.
58. National consumers league org. I
58.1. fight for the welfare of consumers and workers who had little voice or power in the marketplace and workplace. Many of the NCL’s goals, such as the establishment of a minimum wage and the limitation of working hours,
59. Immigration restriction act of 1921
59.1. implemented a literacy test that required immigrants over 16 years old to demonstrate basic reading comprehension in any language.
59.2. increased the tax paid by new immigrants upon
60. Standard oil trust form
60.1. The Standard Oil Trust was formed in 1863 by John D. Rockefeller. He built up the company through 1868 to become the largest oil refinery firm i
60.2. The company faced legal issues in 1890 following passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
61. Trust/monopolies
61.1. Trusts are the organization of several businesses in the same industry and by joining forces, the trust controls production and distribution of a product or service, thereby limiting competition.
61.2. Monopolies are businesses that have total control over a sector of the economy, including prices.
61.3. Rockefeller formed the first trust in 1882 with the establishment of the Standard Oil Company. Rockefeller knew America depended on oil for its daily existence.
61.3.1. Many monopolist began gaining trusts from congress to form a better society like Rockefeller and other robber barons
62. Rough riders were a group of people that build that Panama Canal with Teddy Roosevelt
63. laissez le faire
63.1. policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society.
64. Gospel of wealth
64.1. “ the main consideration should be to help those who will help themselves
64.2. “Neither the individual not the race is improved by almsgiving”
64.3. “ while animated by Christ’s Spirit, by recognizing the changed conditions of this age”
64.4. “Can rise—parks, and means to recreation, by which men are helped on body and mind “
65. American Federation Of labor
65.1. grew in power, coordinating efforts for several dozen independent labor unions.
65.2. It survived in the gilded age was successful
65.3. Samuel Gompers founded the union in 1886,
65.4. seeking better wages, working conditions, shorter working days, and the creation of all-union workplaces for its members
65.5. Won over knights of Labor
66. Howard Hyde Russell
66.1. Superintendent of the league
66.2. Saw the Anti-Saloon League as a movement uniting the churches of America. His explanation of the methods of the Ohio Anti-Saloon League was part of a larger effort to spread the League into other states.
67. Prohibition
67.1. The prohibition act was commenced to solve social problems, reduce crime and corruption
67.2. Led the making of illegal bars& activities
68. Child labor
68.1. useful as laborers because their size allowed them to move in small spaces in factories or mines where adults couldn’t fit
69. Francis Willard
69.1. implemented the use of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) as a political organizing force
69.2. advocate for women’s empowerment, but to provide women with the skills they would need
70. 18th amendment
70.1. The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, prohibiting the “manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes,” is ratified by Congress on
71. Carrie N. White
71.1. guarantees all American women the right to vote.
72. 16th amendment
72.1. allowed government the banning alcohol without reducing tax revenue. The 16th Amendment allowing Congress to levy a federal income tax, helped pave the way for Prohibition
72.2. Enacted a 2% tax on alcohol and income
72.3. New Topic
73. WCTU
73.1. The WCTU was a religious organization whose primary purpose was to combat the influence of alcohol on families and society. It was influential in the temperance movement, and supported the 18th Amendment.
73.2. The president of the WCTU is Annie Wittenmyer
73.3. Fran Willard head of the WCTU
74. The temperance Movement
74.1. limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States.
74.2. These people feared that God would no longer bless the United States and that these people posed a threat to America's political system
74.3. Mostly women were involved with this movement
74.4. Temperance Society campaigned relentlessly against what they viewed as a nationwide scourge of drunkenness.
75. Anti-saloon league
75.1. This organization's members believed that American society was in moral decline. people moved from rural areas to urbanize and losing touch with their religious values.
75.2. Wayne wheeler leader was the main leader of the anti saloon league controlled congressmen’s and other people
75.2.1. developed many tactics in pressure politics. In fact many authorities call pressure politics “Wheelerism.”
75.3. Earnest Cherrington was one of the leaders of this movement his main focus is on Anti-Alcohol
76. The Chinese Exclusion Actl
76.1. First significant law restricting immigration To the United States
76.2. d. In May 1852, California imposed a Foreign Miners Tax of $3 month meant to target Chinese miners, and crime and violence escalated
76.3. gold was discovered in the Sacramento Valley of California in 1848, a large uptick in Chinese immigrants entered the United States to join the California Gold Rush.
77. Northern Europe
77.1. -
77.2. Most had some experience with representative democracy. With the exception of the Irish, most were PROTESTANT. Many were literate, and some possessed a fair degree of wealth.
78. Federal government revenue
78.1. About 30 to 40% of the government’s revenue came from alcohol taxes.
78.2. alcoholic beverages would abolish a major source of government revenue.
79. Robber barons
79.1. Railroad tycoons were just one of many types of so-called robber barons that emerged in the Gilded Age.
79.2. Rock Fellers he established Standard Oil, which by the early 1880s controlled some 90 percent of U.S. refineries and pipelines.
79.3. Vanderbilt initially made his money in the steamships business before investing in railroads. building steamships and operating ferry lines around the New York region
79.4. Andrew Carnegie created a steel empire, his furnace machines produce more than 60 tons of steel.
79.4.1. Wrote a book Gospel of wealth
79.4.1.1. Believed in Herbert Spencer ideas English writer, saying is nothing bad getting at the top
79.4.2. His parents we’re from Scotland and Andrew Carnegie left Scotland at age 12 with his parents too seek new opportunities
79.4.2.1. At age 13 he stoped boilers in a textile factory 12 hours a day, the gave him nightmare g
79.4.3. Andrew believed in the new world he would heal the wounds of his father defeat.
79.4.3.1. Moved to New York beginning of gilded age marked by the fortunes, he believed the pursuit of wealth degrading
79.4.4. Their family was poor, his father lost his Job, his mother Margaret mend shoes to keep the family together
79.4.4.1. 1849 Andrew enter the world of telegraphs as a messenger boy in a telegraph office, memorized important people in the business