PROPORTIONAL WRITING SYSTEMS OF ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY

1. Geometrical Aspects -3 measurements:

1.1. i. Size of the nuqta (a rhombic dot resulting from touching the nib of a reed pen to paper

1.2. ii. Height of the Alif

1.3. iii. Diameter circle equivalent to the height of Alif

2. Pioneer to rounded calligraphy

2.1. i. Thuluq

2.2. ii. Rayhan

2.3. iii. Tawqi'

2.4. iv. Muhaqqaq

2.5. v. Naskh

2.6. vi. Nastaliq

2.7. vii. Maghribi Script

2.8. vii. Riqa'

3. Cursive Writing

3.1. i. Initiated by Ibn Muqlah but continued by Ibn Bawwab

3.2. ii. Characteristic of Ibn Bawwab's cursive

3.2.1. Rounded

3.2.2. Small v shape to the connecting alphabet

3.2.3. Smaller spacing between words - cramped style

3.2.4. Variation of width within script

3.3. Basic Style

3.3.1. i. Mustalqi (extended)

3.3.2. ii. Munsatih (horizontal)

3.3.3. iii. Munkab (oblique)

3.3.4. iv. Maqwas (arched)

3.3.5. v. Muntasib (vertical)