1. How are local cultures sustained?
1.1. In the 1800's to the 1900's the U.S. government made the Native Americans move or change their ways to be more American
1.2. Now most the countries that did this to their native people are apologizing
1.3. Local cultures are being sustained through customs if they change it is very small change
1.4. Local cultures have two main goals: keep other cultures out and their cultures in
1.5. Local cultures also want to avoid cultural appropriation which is other cultures taking parts of their own and making it so it benefits them
1.6. Rural local cultures
1.6.1. Rural local cultures have an easier time keeping their cultures because they are isolated and don't have contact with the rest of the world
1.6.2. The anabaptist people have moved to rural areas mostly because they are fleeing persecution
1.6.3. Anabaptist people believe that you should get baptized when you are an adult and a baby
1.6.4. Women from the Hutterite religion if they marry guys from a different place then they go there
1.6.5. Hutterite colonies have diversified agriculture, raising feed, food, and livestock on up to 10,000
1.6.6. Groups from Mennonites moved from the east coast to the west in search of farmland
1.6.7. Normally native americans day was collecting wild, whale hunting, fishing, bison hunting, etc. and they had festivals surrounding these activies
1.6.8. The Makah American Indians
1.6.8.1. In the 1999 the Makah people reinstated whale hunting
1.6.8.2. The Makah people that were interviewed said they reinstated the whale hunt because they need to go back to the past to understand their ancestors
1.6.8.3. When they did hunt the whales they were under close watch by the International Whaling Commission
1.6.8.4. They also were protested by a lot of people so they had to go to court with the George W. Bush administration on the Makah side
1.6.8.5. The Makah wanted to hunt in the traditional boats and weapons but they weren't allowed to
1.6.8.6. When they killed their first whale it took them straight to court
1.6.9. Little Sweden, U.S.A.
1.6.9.1. The people who live in Lindsborg, Kansas (Little Sweden) said they wanted to be called Little Sweden
1.6.9.2. The reason that most people think of why they called Little Sweden is for economics
1.6.9.3. The people in the town enjoy promoting a sense of shared history
1.6.9.4. Neolocalism seeks out the culture
1.6.10. These cultures each had to fight against humanity to keep their culture going or to reconnect with a past culture
1.7. Urban local cultures
1.7.1. An ethnic neighborhood is a tight-knit neighborhood of a culture in a major city
1.7.2. Having an ethnic neighborhood allows people to be set apart from the rest of the city and practice their culture
1.8. Local Cultures and Cultural Appropriation
1.8.1. Commodification is when an item was not meant to be bought or sold becomes bought and sold
1.8.2. Cultural Authenticity is when local cultures or customs are commodified
2. How is popular culture diffused?
2.1. A lot of people in the Americas and Australia use facebook
2.2. RenRen is like facebook but for China
2.3. Distance Decay is the alteration of transportation and communication technologies
2.4. Time-space compression is how quickly innovations diffuse
2.5. Hearths of popular culture
2.5.1. Manufacturing a hearth
2.5.1.1. Reterritorialization of popular culture is a term referring to a process when people start to produce an idea of popular culture themselves
2.5.1.2. Reterritorialization of Hip Hop
2.5.1.2.1. Hip Hop and rap came to be in the inner cities of New York and LA during the 1980's and the 1990's
2.6. Replacing old hearths with new: beating out the big three popular sports
2.6.1. The three main sports benefited from railroad tracks to get people to and from games
2.6.2. They benefited from telegrams to get the score other places quickly
2.6.3. The electric lights made it so they could play when it got dark out
2.6.4. Advertising contracts and corporate sponsorships made it so they were padded with money and it eventually passed the normal salaries of the biggest sports heroes
2.6.5. In 1995 ESPN's X Games brought popularity to extreme sports by the olympics and through the media
2.7. Stemming the tide of popular culture - losing the local?
2.7.1. The most popular culture influenced byNorth America, Japan, Western Europe, South Korea is popular media such as movies and shows
2.7.2. Hallyu also known as Hanryu is waves of South Korean pop culture
2.7.3. The French are really making their pop culture available to the french people so that they do not have as much contact to other pop cultures around the world
3. How can local and popular cultures be seen in the cultural landscape?
3.1. Cultural landscape is the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape
3.2. Placelessness is the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape
3.3. You can see a lot of skyscrapers in major cities such as New York and Shanghai
3.4. Many companies expand world wide but some of the most successful are fast food companies
3.5. Global-local continuum is a notion that emphasizes what happens at one scale is not independent of what happens at other scales
3.6. Glocalization is when a business changes some parts of itself to fit what the people around them like
3.7. Cultural landscapes of local culture
3.7.1. Mormons live in the west because the wanted to practice their religion freely
3.7.2. The Mormons live mostly in Utah and surrounding areas