1. The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences.
1.1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
1.1.1. past - present
1.1.1.1. SINCE FOR
1.1.1.1.1. SINCE: The specific time an event started. Exampol: My friend has studied English. Since 2000. Since spring. Since last year. Since she was 8.
1.1.1.1.2. FOR: The length of time since someting started. Exampol: My friend ha studied English. For a day. For two weeks. For 10 months. For 8 years.
1.1.2. Exampol: Where have you worked before? I have worked at ABC company for 5 years. Great! How long have you studied English?. I have studied English since I was 12 years old.
1.1.2.1. .
1.1.3. DIRECTIONS: Place the time phrases into the correct category, "since" or "for".
1.1.3.1. SINCE 2 months FOR
1.1.3.2. SINCE 2014 FOR
1.1.3.3. SINCE Winter FOR
1.1.3.4. SINCE 12 hours FOR
1.1.3.5. SINCE I was in middle school FOR
2. PAST PARTICIPLES
2.1. Meet my friends!
2.1.1. they've done amazing things!
2.1.1.1. example: Bob has swum with dolphins! Helen has flown all over the wordl! Matt has climbed a mountain!
2.1.1.1.1. swum flown climbed
2.2. English verbs come in different forms
2.2.1. Verb.1 (simple form) FLY GO SWIM EAT WANT LOOK.
2.2.2. verb.2 (Simple past) FLEW WENT SWAM ATE WANTED LOOKED
2.2.2.1. IRREGULAR: FLEW WENT SWAM ATE. FLOWN GONE SWUM EATEN
2.2.3. Verb.3 (past participl) FLOWN GONE SWUM EATEN WATEND LOOKED
2.2.3.1. REGULAR: WANTED LOOKED. WATEND LOOKED
3. PRESENT PERFECT "UNSPECIFIED TIME"
3.1. Present Perfect = has / have + past participle
3.2. Specified: time= for/since. * start time is said. * focus on duration.
3.2.1. Exampol: I have lived in Irvine since 2013.
3.3. Unspecified time: x For since x . * start time is unsaid. * focus on experience.
3.3.1. Exampol: I have lived in Italy,
3.4. Past simple: * Specified time. * Finished time.
3.4.1. Present perfect: * unipecified time * unipecified time.
4. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: Frequently Used Adverbs
4.1. EVER, NEVER, YET, ALREADY.
4.2. ADVERB: Ever USE: Questions (AFF/NEG) MEANING: experienced at some time in your life.
4.3. ADVERB: NEVER: Statements (Neg.) MEANING: not experienced at any time in your life.
4.4. ADVERB: YET USE: Questions (Aff/neg) & Statements (Neg) MEANING; not finished but believe you will.
4.5. ADVERB: ALREADY USE: Questions (aff/neg) & statements (aff) MEANING: finished and there is no need to do it again.
5. Present perfect - Form
5.1. Have/Has + (not) + past participle
5.1.1. example: Judy has traveled all over the word. Joe has not visited ever country. they have met friends from other cultures.
5.2. contraction forms
5.2.1. affirmative: I'VE / YOU'VE / HE'S / SHE'S / THEY'VE / WE'VE + P.P. negative: HASEN'T / HAVEN'T + P.P.
6. Present perfect - Uses
6.1. I have traveled to china
6.1.1. 1. unspecified time in the past
6.1.2. *activity started and finished in the past. *no mention of a speccific time. *life experience. *may describe repeated events (...times).
6.1.2.1. example: I have traveled to china three times.
6.2. I have lived here for three years.
6.2.1. 2. since / for
6.2.1.1. I hace lived here for three years.
6.2.1.2. *activity began in the past and is still going on now. *how long. *for + duration of time (1 year, 3 months, 5 days). *since + specific point in past (last tear, september, 9;00).
7. QUESTION AND SHORT ANSWER FORMS PART 1: The Present Perfect Simple Tense
7.1. Yes/No Question: in the present perfect tense
7.1.1. Have you read about dinosaurs before?
7.1.2. Have / Has + (Subject) + (Past participle).
7.1.2.1. Yes, I have.
7.1.2.2. No, I haven't.
7.2. WH-Questioms: in the present perfect tense.
7.2.1. Who, What, Where, When, How, Wich.
7.2.1.1. WH-Words
7.2.1.1.1. WH-Questions
7.2.2. Have you studied dinosaurs?
7.2.2.1. Where
7.2.2.1.1. Where have you studied dinosaurs?
7.2.2.1.2. (WH-Word) + have/has + (subject) + (past participle).