1. RAM
1.1. The acronym RAM in English means "Random Access Memory" and is translated as "Random Access Memory". A memory of this type is a piece that is made up of one or more chips and that is part of a computer or computer system. It is a volatile memory, that is, it loses its data when it stops receiving power
1.1.1. Functions
1.1.1.1. The inside of each chip can be imagined as a table in which each cell is capable of storing a bit. Therefore, it can be located directly by providing a row and a column of the table. The CPU identifies each cell by a number, called the memory address. From one address, the corresponding row and column is calculated, so that the desired cell can now be accessed
1.1.1.2. The access is done in two steps: first the row is communicated and then the column using the same connection terminals. This technique - called multiplexing - allows fewer connection terminals to be used to access RAM, which optimizes the relationship between chip size and storage capacity
1.2. Types
1.2.1. RAM
1.2.1.1. RAM It is the primary memory of the computer, in which information can be read and written at any time, but that loses the information by not having power
1.2.2. EDO RAM
1.2.2.1. EDO RAM Optional technology in RAM memories used in servers, which shortens the path of data transfer between memory and microprocessor
1.2.3. BEDO RAM
1.2.3.1. BEDO RAM Optional technology; it is an EDO RAM memory that improves its speed thanks to latency-free access to contiguous memory addresses
1.2.4. DRAM
1.2.4.1. DRAM It is the most common and economical type of memory, built with capacitors so they constantly need to refresh the data they have stored, making the process somewhat slow
1.2.5. SDRAM
1.2.5.1. SDRAM DRAM technology that uses a clock to synchronize with the microprocessor the input and output of data in the memory of a chip. It has been used in commercial memories such as SIMM, DIMM, and also the family of DDR memories fall into this classification
1.2.6. FPM DRAM
1.2.6.1. FPM DRAM Optional technology in RAM memories used in servers, which increases the performance to addresses via pages
1.2.7. RDRAM
1.2.7.1. RDRAM High speed DRAM memory developed for processors with a speed greater than 1 GHz, in this classification is the RIMM memory family
1.2.8. SRAM /CACHÉ
1.2.8.1. SRAM / CACHÉ Very fast and relatively expensive RAM memory, built with transistors, that do not need a data refresh process; It is integrated into processors and hard drives
1.2.9. SWAP
1.2.9.1. Swap memory It is a simulation of RAM in an area of the hard disk, which does not allow services to stop when RAM is scarce but slows down the computer
2. ROM
2.1. Definition and characteristics
2.1.1. ROM (acronym for Read Only Memory in English) is a basic storage device on computers and other devices. Unlike RAM, it only allows reading the data it stores without allowing editing, making constant use of Energy
2.1.2. Due to the above, the computer's BIOS is part of the ROM, as is the CMOS and the SETUP of the same
2.2. Functions
2.2.1. It is a read-only memory, does not allow any write access; It is sequential, because it executes the programs it has always following the same order; and it is non-volatile, because it does not need any kind of power to keep the data it contains. The content of that memory is fixed, the programs recorded in a ROM are called FirmWare (software recorded in a read-only memory)
2.3. Types
2.3.1. PROM
2.3.1.1. PROM._ Memory ROM memory that allows programming and subsequently an indeterminate number of readings but cannot be modified
2.3.2. EPROM
2.3.2.1. EPROM._ It is a PROM memory that allows reprogramming by means of a special device and erased by ultraviolet light
2.3.3. EEPROM
2.3.3.1. EEPROM._ is the evolution of EROM memories that allows its content to be altered by means of electrical signals; widely used in today's computers to house the computer SetUp
2.3.4. Memoria Flash
2.3.4.1. FLASH Memories. It is a variant of ROM memories; It allows data storage and maintenance without the need for power for up to 10 years