Factors affecting birth rate + death rate
by Ao Tahara
1. Increasing birth rate
1.1. Lack of contraceptives + expensive / not easily accessible contraception
1.2. Lack of family planning clinics
1.3. Lack of sex education in schools
1.4. Polygamous societies
1.4.1. Men have more than one wife
1.5. Men have more standing / respect in society with more children
1.6. Want of a male heir
1.7. Child marriages / girls marry young
1.7.1. A longer fertility period, will have more children in her lifetime
1.8. Children are needed for income
1.8.1. Particularly in LEDCs
1.9. High infant mortality rates, so parents have more children as a safeguard
1.10. No old age pensions + care homes so children are needed to look after parents in old age
2. Decreasing birth rate
2.1. Expensive childcare
2.2. Expensive cost of living
2.2.1. Cannot afford to have a child
2.3. Family planning clinics
2.4. Easily accessible / cheap contraceptives
2.5. Women have good education, leading to good careers
2.5.1. Have children later, so have less children in their lifetime
2.5.2. Emancipation of women
2.6. Old age pensions + care homes
2.7. Development of economy into secondary and tertiary sectors
2.7.1. Children are needed in LEDCs to work the land ( agricultural )
2.7.2. If economy develops, and education is needed, children can no longer work in such jobs
3. Increasing death rate
3.1. Disease pandemic / outbreak
3.1.1. E.g. ebola, malaria
3.2. Poor healthcare / medical facilities
3.3. War / conflict
3.4. Unsanitary living conditions
3.5. Lack of clean water
3.5.1. Leading to diseases
3.6. Unhealthy lifestyles
3.6.1. E.g. smoking, drinking, etc.
3.7. Famines + drought
4. Decreasing death rate
4.1. Education on healthy lifestyles in schools
4.1.1. E.g. balanced diet, risks of smoking and drinking
4.2. Good quality healthcare / advanced medical technologies
4.2.1. Improved preventive testing
4.3. Improved clean water supply
4.4. Improved sanitation and hygiene
4.5. Compulsory vaccination
4.5.1. Improved immunisation programs