asexual reproduction in plants

1. Parthenogenesis

1.1. Natural

1.1.1. Honey bee

1.1.1.1. Queen Lays EGG

1.1.1.1.1. Unfertilized

1.1.1.1.2. Fertilized

1.1.2. Aphids

1.1.2.1. OVA

1.1.2.1.1. Grow into ♀ (2N)

1.1.2.2. Sexual rep.

1.1.2.2.1. ♂

1.1.2.2.2. ♀

1.2. Artificial

1.2.1. Starfish & Frogs

1.2.1.1. Egg Activation

1.2.1.1.1. Δ

1.2.1.1.2. Irradiation

1.2.1.1.3. Some Salts

1.2.1.1.4. Agitation

1.2.1.1.5. Pricking

1.2.1.1.6. Electric shock

2. ADVANTAGES

2.1. Can be preserved

2.1.1. For a long time

2.1.1.1. And remain alive

2.2. it can be used

2.2.1. solve food problems

2.2.2. shorten time to grow crops

2.3. Propagating

2.3.1. Rare plants

2.3.2. desirable

2.3.3. more resistant strains

3. as Hydra & Sponges

4. tissue culture

4.1. Carrors

4.2. Tobacco

5. regenration

5.1. Less developed

5.1.1. star fish

5.1.1.1. Breeders tried to control It

5.1.1.1.1. By cutting

5.1.1.1.2. Now they burn them

5.2. Developed organisms

5.2.1. Cartesian and amphibians

5.2.2. higher animals

5.2.3. Planaria

5.2.3.1. Transverse

5.2.3.1.1. each part regenerate

5.2.3.2. longitudinally

5.2.3.2.1. two parts grow only

6. Expirement

6.1. Small Pieces

6.1.1. Conical Flask

6.1.2. Coconut milk

6.1.2.1. contains :

6.1.2.1.1. All plant hormones

6.1.2.1.2. nutriens

6.2. Single cells

6.2.1. Using the same method

7. depends on the food given

8. Bread mold fungus

9. Algea

10. Fungi

11. Sporogony

11.1. Some

11.2. Ferns

11.3. Multicellular

11.3.1. Mushroom

12. Binary Fission

12.1. Protozoa

12.1.1. Perimicium

12.1.2. Amoeba

12.1.2.1. Unsuitable conditions

12.1.2.1.1. Chitinous Cyst

12.1.2.2. When conditions get better

12.2. Simple

12.3. Bacteria

13. Budding

13.1. Unicellular

13.1.1. as yeast

13.1.1.1. BUD appears

13.1.1.1.1. I.On Mother cell

13.1.1.1.2. II.One migrates to BUD

13.1.1.1.3. III.may :

13.2. multicellular organism

13.2.1. BUD GROWS

13.2.1.1. As cellular protrusion

13.2.1.1.1. Interstitial Cells

14. Coat

15. steps

15.1. I. released from

15.1.1. IMP. spores with thick Coat def.

15.1.2. Mother plant

15.1.2.1. rips sporangulum

15.1.2.2. released in the air

15.2. II. suitable medium (humidity)

15.3. SPORES

15.3.1. I.Absorb H2O

15.3.2. II.Coat rupture

15.3.3. III.Several division

15.3.4. New individual