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LINGUISTICS 作者: Mind Map: LINGUISTICS

1. Phonology

2. The study of sound patterns languages

2.1. Phoneme

2.1.1. Smallest segment of sounds which can distinguish two words.

2.2. Allophone

2.2.1. A variant of phoneme in paerticular language

3. Pragmatic

3.1. Definition

3.1.1. The study of speaker meaning.

3.2. Context

3.2.1. Physical

3.2.2. Linguistic

3.2.3. Social

3.2.4. Epistemic

3.3. Speech Act

3.3.1. Indirect Speech Act

3.3.2. Direct Speech Act

3.4. Speech Act

3.4.1. Representative

3.4.2. Directive

3.4.3. Commisive

3.4.4. Expressive

3.4.5. Declaration

3.5. Grice's Maxim

3.5.1. Maxims of Quality

3.5.2. Maxims of Relevance

3.5.3. Maxims of Quantity

3.5.4. Maxims of Manner

3.6. Politeness

3.6.1. Face Threatening Act - On record - Off record

3.6.2. Face Saving Act - Positive politeness - Negative politeness

4. Morphology

4.1. Free morphemes

4.1.1. Lexical Morpheme

4.1.2. Functional Morpheme

4.2. Bound Morpheme

4.2.1. Derrivational Morpheme

4.2.2. Inflectional Morpheme

4.3. Word Formation Processes

4.3.1. Coinage

4.3.2. Blending

4.3.3. Compounding

4.3.4. Conversion

5. Phonetic & Phonology

5.1. Phonetic

5.1.1. The study of aounds and their priduction

5.1.1.1. Consonant

5.1.1.1.1. Place

5.1.1.1.2. Manner

5.1.1.2. Vowels

5.1.1.2.1. High

5.1.1.2.2. Mid

5.1.1.2.3. Low

5.1.1.2.4. Front

5.1.1.2.5. Lentral

5.1.1.2.6. Back

5.1.1.2.7. Dipththongs

5.1.1.2.8. Nazalitation

6. psycholinguistics

6.1. language comprehension

6.1.1. understanding what other people say and write

6.2. language production

6.2.1. the production of spoken or written language

6.3. language acquistion

6.3.1. how people learn to speak and the mental processes involved

6.3.1.1. second language acquistion

6.3.1.2. the stages

6.3.1.2.1. cooing-6 months

6.3.1.2.2. babbling-9 months

6.3.1.2.3. one word utterances-12 months

6.3.1.2.4. telegraphist speech-2 years

6.3.1.2.5. normal speech-5 years

6.4. speech problems

6.4.1. slips of tongue

6.4.2. stuttering

6.4.3. aphasia

7. Tentative phrases

8. Accents

9. Hypernymy

10. phonologicalistics

10.1. rhyme

10.1.1. assonance

10.2. allication

10.3. correlation of the sound form and meaning

11. Complementary

12. Sociolinguistics

12.1. Dialect

12.1.1. Vocabulary

12.1.2. Sound

12.1.3. Syntax

12.2. Registers

12.2.1. Topic discussed

12.2.2. Formality of occasion

12.2.3. Medium used

12.2.3.1. Spoken

12.2.3.2. Written

12.2.3.3. Signed

12.3. High-density network

12.4. Social Networks

12.4.1. Low-density network

12.5. Language & Sex

12.5.1. Women

12.5.1.1. Question intonation

12.5.1.2. Commands=joint actions

12.5.2. Men

12.5.2.1. Straightforward

12.5.2.2. Insecure style

12.5.2.3. Direct orders

13. Semantics

13.1. Synonymy

13.2. Antonymy

13.2.1. Gradable

13.2.2. Relational

13.3. Ambiguity

13.3.1. Polysemy

13.3.2. Homonyms

13.3.3. Homophones

13.4. Hyponymy

13.5. Homographs

13.6. Metaphors

13.7. Componential Analysis

13.8. Prototypes

14. Syntax

14.1. Lexical/Content

14.2. Generative Grammar

14.3. Tree Diagram

14.4. Types of Sentences

14.4.1. Simple Sentences

14.4.2. Compound

14.4.3. Complex

14.4.4. Compound-Complex

15. stylistics

15.1. lexical

15.1.1. connotations

15.1.1.1. expressive

15.1.1.2. evaluative

15.1.1.3. emotive

15.1.1.4. neologisms

15.1.1.5. their behavior

15.1.1.6. dialectal words

15.1.2. correlation of the message

15.2. functional

15.3. stylistics of encoding

15.3.1. figurative language

15.3.2. sound techniques

15.3.3. communicative situation

15.3.4. structural devices

15.3.5. irony

15.3.6. register

15.4. morphological

15.5. grammatical

15.5.1. syntactical

15.6. individual style study

15.6.1. studies the style of the author