1. Phase meiosis
1.1. Prophase 1
1.1.1. Each chromosome duplicated
1.1.2. Synapsis
1.1.3. Physically allign end to end
1.1.4. Tentrad
1.2. Metaphase 1
1.2.1. Homologous arrange the Meta plate
1.3. Anaphase 1
1.3.1. Sypnasis breaks up
1.3.2. Homologous seperate one to another
1.3.3. Opposite poles
1.4. Telophase 1
1.4.1. Daughter cell duplicate
1.5. Cytokinesis
1.5.1. 2 daughter
1.5.2. Haploid
1.6. Interkinesis
1.6.1. Similar to mitotic interphase
1.6.2. Usually shorter
1.6.3. No DNA
2. Genetic variation
2.1. Crossing over
2.1.1. Exchange genetic material
2.2. Independent assortment
2.2.1. Seperate random
2.2.2. Maternal or paternal may be oriented toward pole of mother cell
2.2.3. Blocks of alleles
2.3. Fertilization
2.3.1. Chromosome by parents combines
2.4. Significance
2.4.1. Asexual
2.4.1.1. Clones
2.4.2. Sexual
2.4.2.1. Genetic recombination
3. Life cycle basics
3.1. Plants
3.1.1. Haploid
3.1.1.1. Gametophyte
3.1.1.2. Larger or smaller than diploid
3.1.2. Diploid
3.1.2.1. Sprophyte
3.1.2.2. Larger or smaller than hiploid
3.2. Animals
3.2.1. Individual are diploid produce haploid gamets
3.2.2. Only part gamet
3.2.3. Gametogeneous
3.2.3.1. Sperm
3.2.3.2. Egg
3.3. Humans
3.3.1. Sperm & egg
3.3.2. Egg fuse to fertilize
3.3.3. Results in zygote
3.3.4. Multicellular embryo that gradually takes features
3.3.5. All growth mitotic division
4. Halves chromosome number
4.1. Special division
4.2. Sexual
4.3. No prior to fertilize
4.3.1. Parents
4.3.2. Haploid gamets
5. Homologous pairs of chromosome
5.1. Pairs
5.2. 23 chromosome
5.3. Same type
5.4. Genes control same trait & position
5.5. Alleles
6. Phase meiosis 2 (similar to mitosis)
6.1. Overview
6.1.1. Unremarkable
6.2. Prophase 2
6.2.1. Chromosome condense
6.3. Metaphase 2
6.3.1. Chromosome allign Meta phase
6.4. Anaphase 2
6.4.1. Centromere dissolve
6.4.2. Sister becomes daughter
6.5. Telophase & Cytokinesis 2
6.5.1. 4 haploid
6.5.2. Genetic unique
7. Change
7.1. Number
7.1.1. Euploid
7.1.2. Aneuploid
7.1.2.1. Monosomy
7.1.2.2. Trisomy
7.1.2.2.1. Trisome 21
7.1.2.2.2. Particular 3 chromosomes
7.1.2.2.3. Down syndrome
7.2. Sex
7.2.1. Too many of X or Y chromosome
7.2.1.1. Turner syndrome (XO)
7.2.1.2. Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
7.3. Structure
7.3.1. Deletation
7.3.1.1. One or both chromosome breaks off
7.3.1.2. To simultaneous breaks lead to loss
7.3.2. Duplication
7.3.2.1. Chromosome more than one
7.3.3. Translocation
7.3.3.1. A segment from one chromosome to non-homologous
7.3.4. Inversion
7.3.4.1. The internal segment reversed to before re-insertion
7.3.4.2. Genes occur reverse order in inverted segment