1. 7. Finantial Powers
1.1. - Municipalities have more important planning powers than national governmet. - But, have limited finantial powers
1.1.1. municipios dependen mucho de los FLUJOS NACIONALES DE DINERO
1.1.2. los municipios solo pueden cobrar impuestos que consten en THE MUNICIPALITIES ACT u otra ley
1.2. Fuentes de ingreso de los Municipios
1.2.1. el impuesto Dutch más importante es: THE MUNICIPAL PROPERTY TAX
1.2.1.1. should be paid by
1.2.1.1.1. owners of houses
1.2.1.1.2. commercial real state (bienes raices commerciales)
1.2.1.1.3. users of commercial real state
1.2.1.2. representan aprox. 8 % del ingreso municipal anual
1.2.2. cargos administrativos pagados por solicitantes de Environmental permits, lo cual no es mucho pues parte de esto es invertido en el personal a cargo del tramite
1.3. impuestos holandeses :
1.3.1. 3.4 % es recaudado por los municipios
1.3.2. 1.6 % por las provincias y water authorities
1.3.3. 95 % por el gobiern nacional
1.4. Diferencias con EEUU
1.4.1. los Dutch municipios no pueden cobrar impuestos locales a ventas minoristas
1.4.2. nuevos proyectos no se financian con ingresos futuros del impuesto a la propiedad
1.4.3. Impuesto no es un instrumento que se utiliza en los Países Bajos para promover las inversiones urbanas.
2. 6. Public and Private law Plann. instruments
2.1. differ each other because
2.1.1. the topics tht are regulated
2.1.2. forma de aplicacion
2.1.3. intereses que son protegidos
2.2. PUBLIC LAW
2.2.1. - regulates the structure of the state & the relationship between the state and individuals - power of the government towards citizens
2.2.1.1. includes :
2.2.1.1.1. constitutional law
2.2.1.1.2. administraative law
2.2.1.2. examples :
2.2.1.2.1. Spatial Planning Act
2.2.1.2.2. Environmental Licensing Act
2.2.1.2.3. Expropiation Act
2.2.2. focuses on issues that affect the general public
2.2.3. ENFORCEMENT (cumplimiento)
2.2.3.1. - interested parties themselves - solo de ser necesario se pueden incluir algun JUDGE
2.2.4. Instruments
2.2.4.1. chapters 2, 3 & 4
2.3. PRIVATE LAW
2.3.1. - involves relationships between individuals, WITHOUT direct involvement of the state
2.3.1.1. includes :
2.3.1.1.1. law of contracts
2.3.1.1.2. property law
2.3.1.1.3. family law
2.3.1.2. examples:
2.3.1.2.1. The Civil Code
2.3.1.2.2. Public-private partnership agreements
2.3.2. focuses on issues affectingprivate individuals and corporations
2.3.3. ENFORCEMENT (cumplimiento)
2.3.3.1. in hands of government
2.3.4. Instruments
2.3.4.1. chapter 5
3. 5. EU planning powers
3.1. en forma directa
3.1.1. No hay poderes especificamente asignados para la planificaion espacial
3.1.2. the EU no tiene jurisdiction en materia de plannificación y derechos de propiedad
3.1.3. cada estado miembro es responsable de su Spatial Planning
3.2. indirectamente
3.2.1. la influencia de la legislacion de la EU en planificacion y desarrolllo espacial es GRANDE
3.2.2. directivas de la EU relacionadas al medio ambiente tienen importantes efectos en spatial planning & development
3.2.2.1. The Wild Birds & Habitants Directives hold regulations to create a European Ecological Network
3.2.2.2. Strategic Environmental Assessment Directives
3.2.2.3. Environmental Impact Assessment Directives
4. 2. Origins
4.1. The PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY
4.1.1. relates to the power of public bodies
4.1.2. states that the government is only auhorised to intervene in and determine limitations on the freedom and property of citizens on the basis of statutory power.(poder legal).
4.1.2.1. Applied to land use: we cannot prohibit an individual or organization from building on or using their land as they see fit, unless a democratically ratified act is in place that regulates the issue.
4.1.3. express TWO CORE VALUES
4.1.3.1. Universal equality before law
4.1.3.1.1. law applied equally to everyone
4.1.3.2. Legal certainty
4.1.3.2.1. los poderes de public bodies son otorgados por la ley
4.1.4. in the Netherlands:
4.1.4.1. not only actions of a restrictive, authoritative or prohibitive nature but also actions of a favourable nature
4.1.4.1.1. Example: benefits or subsidies
4.1.5. based on this principle, there are acts to regulate land-use and building regulations
4.1.5.1. authorise the government to
4.1.5.1.1. to require permits before construction
4.1.5.1.2. para terminar el uso del suelo que está en conflicto con el plan gubernamental
5. 3. Types of Plann. Power
5.1. REACTIVE POWERS
5.1.1. government reacts to private sector
5.1.1.1. development initiatives from
5.1.1.1.1. citizens
5.1.1.1.2. companies
5.1.1.1.3. organisations
5.1.2. power based on ENVIRONMENTAL LICESING ACT
5.1.2.1. initiators of building plans need a ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT
5.2. PROACTIVE POWERS
5.2.1. allow the government to take development initiatives of
5.2.1.1. urban expansion
5.2.1.2. infraestructure
5.2.1.3. hydraulic engineering
5.2.2. requires control over the use of land
5.2.2.1. government owns the land
5.2.2.1.1. no hay necesidad de control
5.2.2.2. other party owns the land
5.2.2.2.1. el gobierno necesita tener algun control
6. 4. Distribution of Planning Power
6.1. between sevearal bodies at different level of administration
6.2. Two types of distribution of powers
6.2.1. TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POWER
6.2.1.1. provinces
6.2.1.1.1. 12 provinces which constitute THE DUTCH REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS
6.2.1.1.2. tienen responsabilidades dentro del ACTUAL SPATIAL PLANNING ACT 2006
6.2.1.2. municipalities
6.2.1.2.1. 390 municipalities in 2016 which constirutes THE DUTCH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
6.2.1.2.2. have the most important powers in Dutch spatial planning
6.2.1.3. water authorities
6.2.2. FUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF POWER
6.2.2.1. TRIAS POLITICA (separation of powers)
6.2.2.1.1. Legislative power
6.2.2.1.2. Executive power
6.2.2.1.3. Judicial power
6.2.2.2. all laws including planning laws are established by the government & the States General
6.2.2.3. the administrative judge is authorised to pass judgement on legal issues.
6.2.3. FUNCTIONAL DESCENTRALISATION (combination of territorial and functional distribution)
6.2.3.1. one or more powers assigned to a particular territorial entity
6.2.3.2. WATER AUTHORITIES is an example of functional descentralisation
6.2.3.2.1. 23 water authorities regulated by THE WATER AUTHORITIES ACT
6.2.3.2.2. all are regional authorities performing tasks related to water management
6.2.3.2.3. power to specify DECRETOS GENERALES a ciertas actividades e intervenciones relacionadas al agua o flood defences
6.2.3.2.4. WATER TEST
7. 1. Historic Development
7.1. based on public interest the government
7.1.1. regulate LAND USE
7.1.1.1. housing
7.1.1.2. streets
7.1.1.3. insdustry
7.1.1.4. flood defence
7.1.2. influence BUILDING PLANS
7.1.2.1. permitted building height
7.1.2.2. structural safety
7.1.2.3. aesthetic appearance
7.1.2.4. building physics
7.1.2.4.1. daylight
7.1.2.4.2. ventilation
7.1.2.4.3. heat regulation
7.1.2.4.4. noise reduction
7.2. building regulations since the first cities in the Low countries around the year 1200
7.2.1. Ejemplo: carpas en Amsterd no more than 7/4 wide and 8 feet above ground
7.3. Modern times: 1901 Housing Act
7.3.1. solo para designar: Streets, canals & squares
7.3.1.1. regulation related to the "expantion of built-up areas"
7.3.1.2. Authority: MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
7.3.1.3. reservar public spaces to prevent Poor living conditions
7.3.1.4. EXPANTION PLAN
7.3.1.4.1. for councils with more than 10 000 habitantes
7.4. Modification of Housing Act in 1921
7.4.1. ya no solo pra Streets, canals & squares
7.4.2. EXPANSION PLAN que incluia el uso en un futuro cercano de esa tierra
7.4.2.1. con eso se podia regualar la naturaleza y ubicacion de estructuras permitidas
7.4.2.2. antecesor del actual LAND-USE PLAN
7.4.3. se establece conección entre BUILDING PERMIT y STATUTORY URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN
7.5. SPATIAL PLANNING ACT in 1962
7.5.1. introduced the LOCAL LAND-USE PLAN as the successor of the EXPANSION PLAN
7.5.2. sevral changes but the core is the same