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1. Leaf Structures & Function Photosynthesis concept map

1.1. Waxy Cuticle

1.1.1. Waterproof outer layer

1.2. Epidermis

1.2.1. Protective outer layer

1.3. Xylem

1.3.1. Transports water

1.4. Phloem

1.4.1. Transports glucose (sugar)

1.5. Palisade Mesophyll

1.5.1. Contains lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

1.6. Spongy Mesphyll

1.6.1. Loosely arranged for gas exchange (contains chloroplasts)

1.7. Moist Air Space

1.7.1. Moist to allow gasses to dissolve

1.8. Stomata

1.8.1. Allows carbon dioxide in and oxygen out of the leaf

1.9. Guard Cells

1.9.1. Open and close the stomata

2. Stages of Photosythesis mind map

2.1. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of the leaf

2.2. The First Stage: Light Dependant Stage

2.2.1. Occurs in the grana of the chloroplast

2.2.2. Raw materials: Water (from soil via roots)

2.2.3. Requires chlorophyll

2.2.4. Requires light

2.2.4.1. The light energy is converted into chemical energy which is stored as ATP

2.2.4.2. The light energy is used to split water to produce Hydrogen and Oxygen

2.2.5. Products: Hydrogen, Oxygen & ATP

2.2.5.1. The Oxygen is released into the atmosphere via stroma

2.2.5.2. The Hydrogen and ATP are passed on to the second stage

2.3. The Second Stage: Carbon Fixation

2.3.1. Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast

2.3.2. Raw materials: Carbon Dioxide (from air via stroma)

2.3.3. Doesn't require chlorophyll

2.3.4. Doesn't require light

2.3.5. Product: Glucose

3. Limiting Factors photosynthesis

3.1. 3 Limiting Factors: Light Intensity, Carbon Dioxide Concentration & Temperature

3.1.1. Light Intensity

3.1.1.1. Light energy is an essential factor needed to split water into Hydrogen & Oxygen

3.1.2. Carbon Dioxide Concentration

3.1.2.1. Carbon Dioxide is a raw material needed to help make Glucose

3.1.3. Temperature

3.1.3.1. Carbon Fixation is controlled by enzymes. Enzymes work too slowly at low temperatures, and become denatured at too high temperatures

4. Concept map Photosynthesis and Industry

4.1. Photosynthesis Equation: Carbon Dioxide + Water --light energy-- chlorophyll--> Oxygen + Glucose

4.2. Commercial Growers

4.2.1. Commercial Growers can ensure that plants receive the correct light intensity by using supplementary lighting

4.2.2. Commercial Growers can ensure that plants receive the correct carbon dioxide concentration by using either a carbon dioxide enrichment or paraffin heaters

4.2.3. Commercial Growers can ensure that plants receive the correct temperature by using heaters

4.2.4. By overcoming limiting factors crops are produced earlier and there is a higher yield

5. Plant Transport Systems by Photosynthesis mind map

5.1. Water

5.1.1. The plant structure that carries Water is the Xylem Vessel(s)

5.1.1.1. Dead

5.1.1.2. The Xylem Vessels are hollow and are supported by the rings/spirals of lignin which makes them good for transporting Water

5.2. Glucose

5.2.1. The plant structure that carries Glucose is the Phloem Vessel(s)

5.2.1.1. Living

5.2.1.2. Composed of sieve tubes, companion cells and sieve plates

5.2.2. The Glucose is made in the leaves, then the Phloem Vessels transport it to all other parts of the plant

5.3. Gas Exchange

5.3.1. The plant structure that allows gases to pass in and out of the plant is the Stomata

5.3.2. The Guard Cells close and open the Stomata

5.3.2.1. When open the Stomata is described as Turgid

5.3.2.2. When closed the Stomata is described as Flaccid

5.3.3. Carbon Dioxide moves INTO the stomata and Oxygen moves OUT of the Stomata

6. Transpiration

6.1. The Transpiration stream is how the water moves

6.2. Transpiration is the loss of water through the leaves of the plant

6.3. Water evaporates through the stomata

7. CO2- a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis.

8. Thylakoid- each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana.

9. Electron- a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

10. The ATP and NADPH is used by the calvin cycle as a power source for converting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into simple sugar glucose.

11. The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.