1. TYPES OF SYMMETRY OF VETEBRATES
1.1. BILATERAL SYMMETRY, if the animal body can divided into two equals parts.
1.2. RADIAL SYMMETRY, if the animal body can divided into more than two equivalent parts.
1.3. ASYMMETRY, if the animal body can t divided into equals parts.
2. THE FOOD VERTEBRATES EAT
2.1. HERBIVORES, if the animal eat plants, vegetables, fruits or seaweed.
2.1.1. RABBITS, eat grass and their teeth never stop growing, to make up for constant wea. The incisors are cut in oblique and angle.
2.1.2. BUTTERFLIES, feed on the nectar from flowers. A long hollow tube like tongue. That is curled up in their mouth and is for absorv nectar , when not in use the probocis is coiled up into a spiral
2.2. CARNIVORES, if the animal eat other animals.
2.2.1. SPIDER, eat insects that get caught in their webs. Spider paralyse their prey with a poison and inject them with digestive juice which dissolve their organs.
2.2.2. FROGS, eat insects and any animal small enough to be swallowed whole. Frogs catch their prey with their long sticky tongue and have teeth only use to stop their prey from scaping.
2.3. OMNIVORES, if the animal eat both
3. SKELETAL STRUCTURE OF VERTEBRATES
3.1. VERTRBRATES. Animals with backbone and endoskeleton.
3.2. They have bilateral symmetry and all vertebrates have the same skeletal plane.
3.3. The body is divided into three segements.
3.3.1. HEAD.
3.3.2. TRUNK.
3.3.3. TAIL.
3.4. 4 limbs projecting from the trunk limbs can take the form of legs, winds, arms or fins.
3.5. The nervous system is made up of the brain, found inside the cranium, the spinal cord, located in the backbone, and the nerves
3.6. Their sense organs are located in the head.
4. CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES
4.1. FISH, they have strong muscles that help them to swim, their bodies are smooth and covered with scales.Their limbs are fins that help them to swim
4.1.1. VITAL FUNCTIONS OF FISH
4.1.1.1. Ectothermic : their body temperature can adapt to the enviroment
4.1.1.2. The majority of fish are carnivores, the rest herbivores or omnivores
4.1.1.3. They are oviparous, they reproduce by laying eggs
4.1.1.4. The fish take oxygen dissolved in the water through gills. GILLS :are filaments located on both sides of their head, protected by a operculum.
4.1.1.4.1. THE PROCESS OF RESPIRATION OF FISH Water transfers oxygen to the blood when it passes through the gills, and carries away carbon dioxide.
4.2. AMPHIBIANS, they are tetrapods, they have a thin moist skin, a sticky mucus produced by glands helps them to stay moist.
4.2.1. VITAL FUNCTIONS.
4.2.1.1. They are cold-blooded or ectothermic, they can adapt their temperature body to the enviroment.
4.2.1.2. They breathe through the skin which must remain moist for the oxygen to be absorbed into the bodies.They breathe through lungs.
4.2.1.3. The majority of amphibians are carnivores but tadpoles are herbivores.
4.2.1.4. They are oviparous, they lay their eggs in the water.
4.2.1.5. They do the metamorphosis: is the developmental process some animals go through from birth to adulthood as they grow.
4.2.1.5.1. THE METAMORPHOSIS PROCESS OF FROGS. First male and female frogs do sexual reproduction and create new eggs, the new individual grow in the egg until it doesn´t fit anymore and the tadpoles broke the egg. After a time limbs starting to grow and the tail start decrease and the the tadpole is not a tadpole is adult frog.
4.3. REPTILES,the majority are trrestrial and some are marine.They are scaly skin and dry their scales are made of keratin and protect them from the dehydration and injury.They are tetrapods their legs are adapted to swim climb or walk
4.3.1. VITAL FUNCTIONS
4.3.1.1. They are ecthermic or cold-blooded
4.3.1.2. They breathe through lungs
4.3.1.3. The majority are carnivores and some have glands with poison for paralyse their prey before they swallow it.
4.3.1.4. They are oviparous, their eggs which can be leathery or hard-shelled, contain a series of sacs that provide food and protection to the embyro.One of these sacs, the amnion, is filled with liquid in which the embyro develops. Eggs with an amnion are called amniotic eggs.
4.4. BIRDS,they live in all parts of the world, they can fly and some are able to fly long distance,this allow them to find the best place to live in each season.They have a strong beak, they have feathers on their bodies and scales in their legs.Their bodies are fusiform and their necks long, they are bipeds;their front limbs have become wings.
4.4.1. VITAL FUNCTIONS
4.4.1.1. They are endothermic, they are able to produce and maintain their own heat to keep a constant body temperature
4.4.1.2. They breathe through lungs
4.4.1.3. The food that birds is varied and related to the shape and size of their beaks
4.4.1.4. They lay amniotic eggs with hard shells, so they are oviparous.
4.5. MAMMALS, the majority are terrestrial but are marine mammals too and there are mammals that can fly.They have different types of glands.The most characteristic are the mammary glands that produce milk to feed their young.Mammals are tetrapods, they have legs,marine mammals fins and flying mammals wings as front limbs.Their body is covered by a hair a good thermal insulator that protect them from humidity.
4.5.1. VITAL FUNCTIONS
4.5.1.1. They are endothermic animals
4.5.1.2. They breathe through their lungs
4.5.1.3. They can be herbivores, omnivores or carnivores
4.5.1.4. They are viviparous, they give birth to young already developed inside the mother
4.5.1.5. They have very developed nervous system
4.5.2. HUMAN BEINGS ARE ALSO MAMMALS
4.5.2.1. We are vertebrates and placental mammals but we have a different than the other mammal, language, an ability that allows that transmit and accumulate informationand experiencies
4.5.2.2. Human babies are born completely developed but, in contrast to other mammals, they are totally defenceless
4.5.2.3. We have a little hair on our bodies
4.5.2.4. Female develop mammary glands
4.5.2.5. Our skin has many sweat glands
4.5.2.6. We are bipeds
4.5.2.7. The size of our brain is very large
4.5.2.8. We can communicate and learn special things
4.6. OTHER TYPES OF MAMMALS, most mammals have very well placenta but these do not fall into this category
4.6.1. MONOTREMES, they are the only mammals that are oviparous but they have fur and feed their young with milk.
4.6.2. MARSUPIALS, they don´t have a developed placenta, they complete their develoment in the mother´s pouch
5. VERTEBRATES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
5.1. AQUATIC VERTEBRATES, they are adapted to move in the water and are oval shaped,becoming pointed towards the muscular tail,their limbs, if they have them, are short and close to the trunk
5.2. TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES, they can be classified like thar
5.2.1. RUNNERS, their limbs are long and slim, with very developed muscles
5.2.2. JUMPERS, their back legs are long and strong
5.2.3. CLIMBERS, their hands are adapted to grasping. Their bodies are light and they always have a long tail with which they hold on the branche.
5.2.4. FLYERS, their front limbs are wings, their aerodynamic bodies help them fly.
6. ANIMAL KINGDOM
6.1. Animals are living, multicellular beings with different characteristic and many abilities like the ability to move or to detect changes in the environment.
7. VITAL FUNCTIONS
7.1. NUTRITION ,animals are heterotrophs and consumers according to what they eat it can be herbivores, carnivores or omnivores.
7.2. INTERACTION, animals have sense organs that can detect changes in the environment and respond them
7.3. REPRODUCTION, is a biological process that consist into create a new individua. There are two types of reproduction...l
7.3.1. SEXUAL, if involves two gametes the female and the male
7.3.2. ASEXUAL,if involves a single parent and there aren t gametes