1. Evolution of the Internet
1.1. The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals
1.1.1. Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together
1.1.2. Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster
1.2. Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its own network
1.2.1. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees research and sets guidelines and standards
1.3. Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high‐speed private network
1.4. Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high‐speed broadband Internet service
1.4.1. Cable Internet service
1.4.2. DSL
1.4.3. Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
1.4.4. Fixed wireless
1.4.5. Cellular Radio Network
1.4.6. Wi-Fi
1.4.7. Satellite Internet Service
1.5. An access provider is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee
1.5.1. ISP (Internet service provider)
1.5.1.1. Regional ISPs provide Internet access to a specific geographical area
1.5.1.2. National ISPs provide Internet access in cities and towns nationwide
1.5.2. Online service provider (OSP)
1.5.2.1. Has many members‐only features
1.5.2.2. Popular OSPs include AOL (America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network)
1.5.3. Wireless Internet service provider (WISP)
1.5.3.1. Provides wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices
1.5.3.2. May require a wireless modem
1.6. An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet
1.7. A domain name is the text version of an IP address
1.7.1. Top‐level domain (TLD
1.8. A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address
2. The World Wide Web
2.1. The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages)
2.2. A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items
2.3. A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer
2.4. Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact
2.5. A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs
2.5.1. Internet Explorer
2.5.2. Firefox
2.5.3. Opera
2.5.4. Safari
2.5.5. Google Chrome
2.6. A home page is the first page that a Web site displays
2.7. Web pages provide links to other related Web pages
2.7.1. Surfing the Web
2.8. Downloading is the process of receiving information
2.9. Some Web pages are designed specifically for microbrowsers
2.10. A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address
2.11. Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window
2.12. Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories
2.12.1. Search engine
2.12.1.1. Finds informationrelated to a specific topic
2.12.2. Subject directory
2.12.2.1. Classifies Webpages in an organized set of categories
2.13. A search engine is helpful in locating items such as
2.13.1. Images
2.13.2. Videos
2.13.3. Audio
2.13.4. News
2.13.5. Maps
2.13.6. People or Businesses
2.13.7. Blogs
2.14. Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine’s Web page prior to entering the search text
2.15. Search operators can help to refine your search
2.16. There are thirteen types of Web sites
2.16.1. Portal
2.16.2. News
2.16.3. Informational
2.16.4. Business/Marketing
2.16.5. Blog
2.16.6. Wiki
2.16.7. Online Social Network
2.16.8. Educational
2.16.9. Entertainment
2.16.10. Advocacy
2.16.11. Web Application
2.16.12. Content Aggregator
2.16.13. Personal
2.17. Information presented on the Web must be evaluated for accuracy
2.18. No one oversees the content of Web pages
2.19. Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with
2.19.1. Graphics
2.19.1.1. A graphic is a digital representation of nontext information
2.19.1.2. Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,and TIFF
2.19.1.3. A thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic
2.19.2. Animation
2.19.2.1. Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence
2.19.3. Audio
2.19.3.1. Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound
2.19.3.1.1. Compressed to reduce file size
2.19.3.1.2. You listen to audio on your computer using a player
2.19.3.2. Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow
2.19.4. Video
2.19.4.1. Video consists of full‐motion images that are played back at various speeds
2.19.5. Virtual Reality
2.19.5.1. Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three‐dimensional space
2.20. A plug‐in is a program that extends the capability of a Web browser
2.21. Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages
2.21.1. Plan a Web site
2.21.2. Analyze and design a Web site
2.21.3. Create a Web site
2.21.4. Deploy a Web site
2.21.5. Maintain a Web site
3. Other Internet Services
3.1. E‐mail is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network
3.2. An e‐mail program allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e‐mail messages
3.3. A mailing list is a group of e‐mail names and addresses given a single name
3.3.1. Subscribing adds your e‐mail name and address
3.3.2. Unsubscribing removes your name
3.4. Instant messaging (IM) is a real‐time Internet communications service
3.5. A chat is a real‐time typed conversation that takes place on a computer
3.6. A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other
3.7. VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet
3.7.1. Also called Internet telephony
3.8. A newsgroup is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject
3.8.1. Typically requires a newsreader
3.9. A message board is a Web‐based type of discussion group
3.10. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet
3.10.1. Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
3.10.2. An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP
3.11. Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behavior
4. The Internet
4.1. The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
5. E‐commerce
5.1. E‐commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network
5.1.1. Business‐to‐consumer (B2C)
5.1.2. Business‐to‐business (B2B)
5.1.3. Consumer‐to‐consumer (C2C)