Psychological disorder

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Psychological disorder by Mind Map: Psychological disorder

1. American psychiatric association

1.1. states that a psychological disorder is a condition that consists on:

1.1.1. significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings and behaviors

1.1.2. The disturbances lead to significant distress or disability in ones life.

1.1.3. the disturbances do not reflect expected or culturally approved responses to certain events

1.1.4. the disturbance reflect some kind of biological, psychological or developmental dysfunction

2. Definition:

2.1. is a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

3. Diagnosing and classifying psychological disorders

3.1. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders published by the American psychiatric Association on 2013

3.1.1. Each disorder is described in detail including:

3.1.2. prevalence information (%of the population).

3.1.3. overview of the disorder

3.1.4. specific symptoms required for diagnosis

3.2. Nature or nuture?

3.2.1. Both

4. Psychotic disorders

4.1. Causes:

4.1.1. Both genetic vulnerability and environmental stress are necessary for schizophrenia to develop.

4.1.2. Obstetric complications. (That affect brain development)

4.1.3. Another variable that is linked to schizophrenia is marijuana use. Longitudinal studies have suggested that marijuana use is, in fact, a risk factor for schizophrenia. People that had used marijuana at least once in life were 2 times more likely to develop schizophrenia. People that had used it more than 50 times were 6 times more likely to develop schizophrenia.

4.2. Symptoms

4.2.1. Negative symptoms: noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives

4.2.2. Disorganized thinking: incoherent thought processes.

4.2.3. Hallucination: a perceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation

4.2.4. Delusions: beliefs that are contrary to reality and are firmy held even in the face of contradictory evidence

4.2.5. Disorganized or abnormal motor behavior: unusual behaviors and movements (very active or catatonic).

4.3. Schizophrenia is considered a psychotic disorder - the person’s thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where he/she is not able to function normally in life

5. Social anxiety disorder

5.1. is characterized by extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

5.1.1. Common symptoms of pain attack

5.1.1.1. Common symptoms of pain attack

5.1.1.1.1. feeling dizzy,unsteady, lighteaded

5.1.1.1.2. Shortness of breath

5.1.1.1.3. Chest pain,. palpitations and or accelerated heart rate

5.1.1.1.4. Nausea or abdominal distress

5.1.1.1.5. Shortness of breath

6. Panic disrder

6.1. is an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic attacks. Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something terrible is going to happen.

7. Hoarding Disorder

7.1. People with hoarding disorder cannot get rid of personal possessions, regardless of how valueless or useless these possessions are.

8. Causes of OCD and related disorders

8.1. The disorder is five times more frequent in the first-degree relatives of people with OCD than in people without the disorder.

8.2. The concordance rate of OCD among identical twins is around 57%.

9. Bipolar disorders

9.1. According to the DSM-5, a manic episode is characterized as a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week,” that lasts most of the time each day.

9.2. The person often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania.

9.3. Symtoms

9.3.1. mood that is almost euphoric

9.3.2. excessively talkative

9.3.3. spontaneously starting conversations with strangers

9.3.4. Excessively irritable

9.3.5. abruptly switching from one topic to another

9.3.6. Engage in recklessly pleasure activities that could have harmful consequences. (gambling, reckless driving etc)

10. Generalized Anxiety disorder

10.1. People with generalized anxiety disorder often worry about routine, everyday things, even though their concerns are unjustified.

10.2. Is a relatively continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension.

11. Anxiety

11.1. we all feel it, it help us to prepare or avoid

11.1.1. Anxiety disorders

11.1.1.1. Are the most frequently class of mental disorders and are ofeten comorbid with each other mental disorders.

11.1.1.2. Approximately 25% to 30% of the U.S population meets the criteria for at least one anxiety disorder during their life time

12. Disssociative dissorders

12.1. Characterized by an individual becoming split off, or dissociated, from her core sense of self.

12.2. Memory and identity become disturbed.

12.3. These disturbances have a psychological rather than physical cause.

12.4. Dissociative Amnesia

12.4.1. The individual is unable to recall important personal information. (They may even forget who they are and adopt another identity for a few hours or days)

12.4.2. It usually follows an extremely stressful or traumatic experience such as combat, natural disasters, or being the victim of violence.

12.5. Depersonalization/ derealization disorder

12.5.1. Depersonalization: The person believes his/her movements, thoughts and feelings are not their own.

12.5.2. Derealization: The person feels that the world surrounding them is not real.

12.6. Dissociative identity disorder

12.6.1. Formerly called multiple personality disorder. People with dissociative identity disorder exhibit two or more separate personalities or identities, each well-defined and distinct from one another.

12.6.2. Causes: About 95% of people with DID were physically and/or sexually abused as children.

12.7. Personality dissorders

12.7.1. People with personality disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture, is pervasive and inflexible, begins in adolescence or early adulthood, and causes distress or impairment.

13. Body dysmorphic disorder

13.1. The person engages in repetitive and ritualistic behavioral and mental acts, such as constantly looking in the mirror, trying to hide the offending body part, comparisons with others, and, in some extreme cases, cosmetic surgery.

13.2. The person is preoccupied with a perceived flaw in their physical appearance that is either nonexistent or barely noticeable to other people.

14. Phobias

14.1. intense. unreasonable and persistent fear caused by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation

14.1.1. National top ten phobias

14.1.1.1. Arachnophobias-spiders

14.1.1.2. Social phobia-social or public situations

14.1.1.3. aerophobia- flying

14.1.1.4. Agoraphobia- open or public spaces

14.1.1.5. claustrophobia- enclosed spaces

14.1.1.6. Emetophobia-vomiting

14.1.1.7. Acrophobia or vertigo-heights

14.1.1.8. cancerphobia- developing cancer

14.1.1.9. brontophobia-thunderstorms

14.1.1.10. Necrophobia-death (your own and others)

14.1.1.11. brontophobia-thunderstorms

15. Trauma-and-Stressor-Related Disorders

15.1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

15.1.1. Extremely stressful or traumatic events, such as combat, natural disasters, and terrorist attacks, place the people who experience them at an increased risk for developing psychological disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

15.2. Mood Dissorders

15.2.1. Mood disorders are characterized by massive disruptions in mood. Symptoms can range from the extreme sadness and hopelessness of depression to the extreme elation and irritability of mania.

15.3. Major Deppresive Disorder

15.3.1. Symptoms include

15.3.1.1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day (feeling sad, empty, hopeless, or appearing tearful to others)

15.3.1.2. loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities.

15.3.1.3. Feeling overwhelmingly sad most of each day.

15.3.1.4. No interest or enjoyment in activities that previously were gratifying, such as hobbies, sports, sex, social events, time spent with family, and so on.

15.3.1.5. To receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder the person should show some of the following symtoms...

15.3.1.5.1. Significant weight loss (when not dieting) or weight gain and/or significant decrease or increase in appetite

15.3.1.5.2. Difficulty falling asleep or sleeping too much; Psychomotor agitation or psychomotor retardation

15.3.1.5.3. Fatigue or loss of energy;

15.3.1.5.4. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt;

15.3.1.5.5. Difficulty concentrating and indecisiveness; and

15.3.1.5.6. Suicidal ideation or attempt.

15.3.2. Most people recover from Major Depression within a year but their chances to get another episode increase each time they have one.

15.3.3. It is more common among women than among men, affecting approximately 20% of women and 13% of men at some point in their life.

15.3.4. Most people recover from Major Depression within a year but their chances to get another episode increase each time they have one.

15.4. Subtypes of depression include

15.4.1. seasonal pattern

15.4.2. postpartum depression

15.4.3. persistent depressive disorder

15.4.3.1. depressed moods of the day nearly every day for at least two years, as well as at least two of the symptoms

15.4.4. seasonal pattern

16. Obsessive- compulsive and related disorders

16.1. Involve intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

16.2. We all have unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors from time to time, however, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders elevate the unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors to a status so intense that these cognitions and activities disrupt daily life.

16.3. Obsessive- compulsive disorder

16.3.1. People with this disorder experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted (obsessions) and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions).