Coastal Processes (Coast : that part of land which adjoins and merges with the sea)

1. Erosion: process of removing materials from the coast

1.1. Cliff: high steep rock facing a coast

1.1.1. 1. Rocky coast repeatedly washed by waves

1.1.2. 2. Weakens rocks to cut a notch, forms caves

1.1.3. 3. Part of cave collapses, forms cliff

1.2. Shore Platform: gentle sloping/flat surface formed at base of cliff

1.2.1. 1. Waves wash over and erode cliffs

1.2.2. 2. Over time, the cliffs retreat inwards

1.3. Headlands: protruding resistant rocks; Bays: inward curving rocks

1.3.1. 1. Rocks in the coasts have different resistance to erosion

1.3.2. 2. More resistant rocks remains stable; Less resistant rocks worn out rapidly

2. Deposition: process of depositing materials on the coast

2.1. Beaches: deposition of sediments along coasts

2.1.1. Calm weather: beaches build up; deposition of sediments Coastal storm: materials are removed, beaches recede

2.1.2. Coarser materials = Heavier weight = Steeper; Finer materials = Lighter weight = Gentler

2.2. Spit: long, narrow ridge of sand, with one end attached to the mainland, and the other protruding into the sea; Tolombo: extention of a spit joining an offshore island to the mainland

2.2.1. 1. Longshore current reach a bay/bend, encounter shallow shelter water, reduces energy, forcing deposition

3. Transportation: process of transporting materials along the coast

4. Agents

4.1. Waves

4.1.1. Affected by Wind energy & Fetch

4.1.2. Swash & Backwash

4.1.2.1. High energy = backwash stronger = destructive

4.1.2.2. Low energy = swash stronger = constructive

4.2. Current

4.2.1. Longshore current

4.3. Tides

4.3.1. 1. High tide

4.3.2. 2. Low tide