Psychological disorders

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Psychological disorders by Mind Map: Psychological disorders

1. Dissociative Disorders

1.1. Characterized by an individual becoming split off, or dissociated, from her core sense of self.

1.1.1. DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA

1.1.1.1. The individual is unable to recall important personal information. (They may even forget who they are and adopt another identity for a few hours or days)

1.1.1.2. It usually follows an extremely stressful or traumatic experience such as combat, natural disasters, or being the victim of violence.

1.1.2. DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER

1.1.2.1. Depersonalization: The person believes his/her movements, thoughts and feelings are not their own.

1.1.3. DEREALIZATION DISORDER

1.1.3.1. Derealization: The person feels that the world surrounding them is not real.

1.1.4. DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

1.1.4.1. People with dissociative identity disorder exhibit two or more separate personalities or identities, each well-defined and distinct from one another.

1.1.4.2. Causes: About 95% of people with DID were physically and/or sexually abused as children

2. Anxiety disorders

2.1. are the most frequently occurring class of mental disorders and are often comorbid with each other and with other mental disorders

2.1.1. Phobias

2.1.1.1. Intense , unreasonable and persistent fear caused by the presence or anticipation of specific object or situation

2.1.1.1.1. Arachnophobia

2.1.1.1.2. social phobia

2.1.1.1.3. agoraphobia

2.1.1.1.4. aerophobia

2.1.1.1.5. claustrophobia

2.1.1.1.6. emetophobia

2.1.1.1.7. acrophobia(vertigo)

2.1.1.1.8. cancerphobia

2.1.1.1.9. brontophobia

2.1.1.1.10. necrophobia

2.1.2. Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)

2.1.2.1. Extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

2.1.3. Panic disorder

2.1.3.1. symptoms

2.1.3.1.1. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded

2.1.3.1.2. Shortness of breath

2.1.3.1.3. Chest pain, palpitations and/or accelerated heart rate

2.1.3.1.4. Nausea or abdominal distress

2.1.4. Generalized anxiety disorder

2.1.4.1. relatively continous state of excessive, uncontrollable and pointless worry and apprehension

2.1.4.2. People with this disorder often worry about routine, everyday things, even though their concerns are unjustified

3. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

3.1. Involves intrusive; unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviours

3.1.1. Obsesive-compulsive disorder

3.1.1.1. experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts

3.1.2. Body dysmorphic disorder

3.1.2.1. the person in preoccupied with a perceived flaw in their physical appearance that is either nonexistent or barely noticeable to other people

3.1.2.2. The person engages in repetitive and ritualistic behavioral and mental acts, such as constantly looking in the mirror, trying to hide the offending body part, comparisons with others, and, in some extreme cases, cosmetic surgery.

3.1.3. Hoarding disorder

3.1.3.1. People with hoarding disorder cannot get rid of personal possessions, regardless of how valueless or useless these possessions are.

4. Trauma-and-Stressor-Related Disorders

4.1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

4.1.1. Extremely stressful or traumatic events, such as combat, natural disasters, and terrorist attacks, place the people who experience them at an increased risk for developing psychological disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

5. Personality Disorders

5.1. exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture, is pervasive and inflexible, begins in adolescence or early adulthood, and causes distress or impairment

5.1.1. Cluster A

5.1.1.1. People with these disorders display a personality style that is odd or eccentric

5.1.1.1.1. Paranoid

5.1.1.1.2. Schizoid

5.1.1.1.3. Schizotypal

5.1.2. Cluster B

5.1.2.1. People with these disorders usually are impulsive, overly dramatic, highly emotional, and erratic.

5.1.2.1.1. Antisocial

5.1.2.1.2. Borderline

5.1.2.1.3. Histrionic

5.1.2.1.4. Narcissistic

5.1.3. Cluster C

5.1.3.1. People with these disorders often appear to be nervous and fearful.

5.1.3.1.1. Avoidant

5.1.3.1.2. Dependent

5.1.3.1.3. Obsessive compulsive

6. Psychotic disorders

6.1. Schizophrenia

6.1.1. Is considered a psychotic disorder - the person’s thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where he/she is not able to function normally in life.

6.1.1.1. Symptoms

6.1.1.1.1. Hallucination: a perceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation.

6.1.1.1.2. Delusions: beliefs that are contrary to reality and are firmly held even in the face of contradictory evidence (paranoid, grandiose or somatic).

6.1.1.1.3. Disorganized thinking: incoherent thought processes.

6.1.1.1.4. Disorganized or abnormal motor behavior: unusual behaviors and movements (very active or catatonic).

6.1.1.1.5. Negative symptoms: noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives

6.1.1.2. Causes

6.1.1.2.1. Both genetic vulnerability and environmental stress are necessary for schizophrenia to develop

6.1.1.2.2. Obstetric complications. (That affect brain development)

6.1.1.2.3. Another variable that is linked to schizophrenia is marijuana use

7. Mood Disorders

7.1. characterized by massive disruptions in mood. Symptoms can range from the extreme sadness and hopelessness of depression to the extreme elation and irritability of mania.

7.1.1. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

7.1.1.1. Subtypes of depression include

7.1.1.1.1. Seasonal pattern

7.1.1.1.2. Postpartum depression

7.1.1.1.3. Persistent depressive disorder

7.1.1.2. Symptoms include: -Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day (feeling sad, empty, hopeless, or appearing tearful to others) -loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities. -Feeling overwhelmingly sad most of each day. -No interest or enjoyment in activities that previously were gratifying, such as hobbies, sports, sex, social events, time spent with family, and so on.

7.1.1.3. Most people recover from Major Depression within a year but their chances to get another episode increase each time they have one.

7.1.1.4. It is more common among women than among men, affecting approximately 20% of women and 13% of men at some point in their life

7.1.2. Bipolar disorder

7.1.2.1. The person often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

7.1.2.2. According to the DSM-5, a manic episode is characterized as a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week,” that lasts most of the time each day.

7.1.2.2.1. Symptoms