A2 CAE
by Manuela Buarque
1. Vocal breaking news
1.1. an earthquake
1.2. an oil spill
1.3. a tropical storm
1.4. a wildfire
1.5. a volcanic eruption
1.6. a meteorite strike
1.7. a flood- inundação
1.8. a tornado
1.9. Vocal breaking news
1.9.1. alarmed- worried about something
1.9.2. appalled- very shocked and feeling great disapproval
1.9.3. disgusted- feeling extreme dislike
1.9.4. distressed- suffering from anxiety
1.9.5. helpless- unable to help
1.9.6. current affairs- political news about events happening now
1.9.7. irritated- annoyed
1.9.8. overwhelmed- feeling sudden strong emotion
2. Verb Tenses
2.1. Present simple- Sarah works for a small company.
2.2. Present continuos- Sarah is working for a small company.
2.3. Present perfect- Thousands of homes have been built this week.
2.4. Present Perfect Continuous- Sarah have been working for a small company.
2.5. Past simple- Sarah worked for a small company.
2.6. Past Perfect- Thousand of homes had been destroyed this week.
2.7. Past perfect Continuos- Sarah had been working for a small company.
2.8. Future simple- Sarah will work for a small company.
2.9. Future Continuous- Sarah will be working for a small company.
2.10. Future perfect- Sarah will have worked for a small company.
2.11. Future perfect continuous- Sarah will have been working for a small company.
3. Collocations
3.1. a TV programme- show/put/present/schedule
3.2. a newspaper story - publish/submit/send in/contribute
3.3. the news on TV- broadcast/perfom/read/report
3.4. a photo to a magazine- carry/print/feature/show
3.5. a magazine article- draft/edit/broadcast/research
3.6. a news story on TV- run/cover/promote/tell
4. Contrast links
4.1. Describing similitarities
4.2. - Likewise - Correspondingly - Equally - Not only… but also - In the same way - Similarly
4.3. Showing cause and effect
4.4. - As a result - Thus - Hence (never ‘hence why’ - Since (try to avoid ‘as’ when showing cause and effect) - Because - Therefore - Accordingly - This suggests that - It follows that - For this reason
4.5. Comparing and contrasting
4.6. - Alternatively - However - Conversely - On the other hand -Instead -On the contrary - Whereas
4.7. Showing limitation or contradiction
4.8. - Despite/in spite of - While (not whilst!) - Even so - On the contrary - Nevertheless - Nonetheless - Although - Admittedly
4.9. Emphasis, addition or examples
4.10. - To illustrate - To clarify - Further (not ‘furthermore’) - First, second and third (not firstly, secondly and thirdly) - For instance - Moreover - Typically - Especially - In fact - Namely - In addition
4.11. Concluding
4.12. - To summarise - It can be concluded that - As can be seen - Ultimately - Given the above - As described - Finally
5. Word Formation
5.1. Examples:
5.2. 1. The daily recommended intake of Vitamin C varies from country to country. - day 2. When shopping online, many people make use of price comparison websites. - compare 3. The book, like the movie, tracks the anxiety and growing pains of a teenager in 1970s Germany. - grow 4. This wine has a very fruity flavour to it and a pleasant after-taste. I really like it. - please 5. I've lost all enthusiasm for this concert, I'm finding it boring. Can we go? - enthuse 6. The opening of this new restaurant should satisfy the sophistication of local Indonesian food fans. - sophisticated 7. You don't respond well to positive criticism, which is only made to help you. - critic 8. Incredible as it may seem, mammoths were alive only five thousand years ago. - credible
6. Reported Speech
6.1. Examples:
6.2. The bank officials AGREED to lend him the money.
6.3. The burglar THREATENED to kill me if I screamed.
6.4. The couple DENIED doing anything that was illegal.
6.5. The politician CONFESSED that he had had an affair with another woman.
6.6. My sister COMPLAINED that she always had too much work to do.
7. Passive Voice
7.1. Passive Voice
