1. Chapter 6 Ready Reference Sources- The easy-sounding, fact based questions that may be more difficult to answer. There is usually only one right answer.
1.1. Answers the who, what, when, which, when, where, and how questions faced by a reference librarian.
1.1.1. Major Ready Reference Resources used in Reference Work- Who-www.anywho.com, white pages. What- National Cemetery Administration. Which- Masterplots. When- Chase's Calendar of Events. Where- Moving and Relocating Directory
2. Chapter 7 Answering Questions about Words- Dictionaries, Concordances, and Manuals
2.1. Dictionaries are used to provide: Definitions, Orthography, Pronunciation, Etymology, Grammar, Synonyms, Visual Images, and Regionalisms.
2.1.1. Thesauri: helps to find the "right word" to be used. Gives synonyms and antonyms of each word.
2.1.1.1. Concordances: an alphabetical enumeration of major words in a book or a collection of books by an author along with the immediate context of the words.
2.1.1.1.1. Quotation Books: provide memorable quotes.
3. Chapter 8 Answering Questions about Events and Issues, Past and Present- Databases (and indexes)
3.1. They are the most used library reference.
3.1.1. Provide access to both current and historical periodical articles as well as newspapers, book information, dissertations, conference proceedings, interviews and much more.
3.1.1.1. Some are available for free, such as Google Scholar and open-access databases.
3.1.1.1.1. Major databases used- Multidisciplinary Periodical Databases, Newspaper, Subject-based, Education, Social Sciences, Humanities, Language and Literature, Arts and Architecture, Library and Information Science, Psychology, Ethnic Studies, Business and Medicine.
4. Chapter 10 Answering Questions about Geography, Countries, and Travel- Atlases, Gazetteers, Maps, Geographic Information Systems, and Travel Guides.
4.1. Geographic Information sources are used to find locations, visualize the relationship between countries and continents, provide directions and show makeup of a particular land, show climatic, or ecological factors, and show how history has affected a certain land.
4.1.1. Gazetteers- text-based sources of information about geographic places and physical/cultural features.
4.1.1.1. Maps- a way to visualize the world.
4.1.1.1.1. Atlas- a collection of maps with a unifying theme.
5. Chapter 12 Answering Questions about Government and Related Issues- Government Information Sources
5.1. Government publications are an excellent source of information about many important issues. Information on some subjects is available only from government publications that provide primary source materials for researchers.
5.1.1. The U.S. GPO is the Government's official, digital, secure resource for producing, procuring, cataloging, indexing, authentication, disseminating, and preserving the official information products of the U.S. Government.
5.1.1.1. Depository Libraries- established in their present form by the Printing Act of 1895 in order to keep the citizenry informed and to provide a way to distribute publications to all parts of the country.
5.1.1.1.1. Directories- The U.S. Government Manual is the best single source of information about the various branches and agencies in the federal government.
6. Chapter 15 Reference Services for Children and Young Adults
6.1. Needs and Behaviors: children between ages 5 and 10 want to access pictures videos, or sounds of their favorite animals, spaceships, volcanoes, and more. According to Agosto(2007) most young adults identified the library as an information gateway and sought information for "unspecified needs, personal needs, or school-work needs.
6.1.1. Three problems children face in using technology: 1. Dealing with the complexities of searching, including formatting search queries. 2. Complex displays in the search system leading to information overload. 3. Search behavior characterized by identifying interesting information, as opposed by relevant information.
6.1.1.1. Problems facing young adults. Most of the them have technology readily available all day and instead of searching for something they can just google it or look it up on YouTube and don't seek out a reference librarian because the get the instant gratification of looking it up on one of those search engines.
6.1.1.1.1. Ready Reference: For children-1. Have a separate section for the librarian to browse with the child. 2. create posters or signs the give examples of questions that can be answered by the librarian. 3. Kid-Friendly search engines can be offered. For Teens- 1 Posting links to FAQ's or recommended digital resources on Facebook. 2. Provide virtual reference through text messaging. 3. Online sources be available 24/7. 4. Have someone available to teens who prefer to have someone help them face-to-face.
7. Chapter 19 Reference as Programming
7.1. The Reference librarian who can create programming conducive to such shared learning becomes pivotal to the success of a commons.
7.1.1. Types of Reference Programming include one-on-one with an expert, Collaborative expertise, and outreach.
7.1.1.1. Strengths: Service interest groups, answer point of need queries, builds community, attracts library nonusers, provides timely expression for new information- seeking behavior.
7.1.1.1.1. Challenges- Cost, Management, Finding Experts, Reliability/quality control, Scalability sustainability issues, and Partnership skills.
8. Chapter 21 Assessing and Improving Reference Services
8.1. Times are changing and the very existence of libraries is being questioned.
8.1.1. 3 aspects that can and should be evaluated: 1. Reference Collection. 2. Reference Staff. 3. Reference Services.
8.1.1.1. How to Access: Suggestion boxes, Surveys, In-house Surveys, Telephone surveys, E-mailed Questionnaires, Interview, Observations, Focus Groups, Case Studies, and User Experience.
8.1.1.1.1. Assessment is useful only as part of a cycle that includes data gathering, data analysis, and the implementation of changes based on data. Once changes are made, the assessment cycle begins again.
9. Chapter 23 The Future of Information Services
9.1. Libraries in the 21st century are evolving quickly as they respond to the needs of their users. Libraries are now on Facebook, use Twitter, instant messaging, and text messaging; have blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, and are developing mobile apps.
9.1.1. Roles of a 20th century librarian- ability to provide information using Reference 2.0 technologies, Knowledge of how to evaluate and select electronic resources, online searching expertise, desire to share knowledge through teaching, readers advisory skills, knowledge of how to develop an effective web presence, appreciation of the importance o marketing a program, familiarity with research on assessment and evaluation, interpersonal skills, development of partnerships, outreach by moving beyond the library building, ability to adapt and change, enthusiasm for career long learning.
9.1.1.1. Reference in the future will be less attached to a particular location no mater what type of library, but its focus will be student- centered.
10. Chapter 17 Ethics in Reference
10.1. ALA has issued guidelines for best practices to assist library staff with a number of issues concerning ethical behaviors such as patrons right to privacy, provide quality services, avoiding conflict of interest, and providing access.
10.1.1. ALA has released guidelines to serve libraries in general such as the Code of Ethics and The Library Bill of Rights.
10.1.1.1. Reference Service Ethics- Privacy and confidentiality, Equitable Access.
10.1.1.1.1. Ethical Collection Development and Management- When selecting reference and other materials, librarians should strive to include material that appeals to a diverse array of users. Be aware of Censorship and intellectual Freedom as well as Copyright.
11. Chapter 4 Bibliographic Resources-relevant and useful in an era of electronic resources-a list of books or other materials that can be retrieved by author, title, or subject.
11.1. National Catalogs and Bibliographies- provided listings of materials that are published in a particular country and often include materials received through the legal deposit.
11.1.1. Trade Bibliographies- usually produced commercially by the publishers and booksellers in a country to provide information on what is in print, out of print, and what will be published.
11.1.1.1. U.S. Retrospective Bibliography- are useful for establishing the existence and sometimes the location of books published before the twentieth century.
11.1.1.1.1. Periodicals and Newspapers-the top source for information about magazines is Ulrichsweb-it list over 3,000 publications.
12. Chapter 5- Encyclopedias
12.1. Two Major Types- General: those that do answer everything. Wikipedia, etc. Specialized: Those that answer anything to do with a specific subject. Internet Encyclopedia Philosophy. etc.
13. Chapter 9 Answering Questions about Health, Law, and Business- Special Guidelines and Sources
13.1. Medical, Legal, AND business questions constitute some of the most specialized, sensitive, and expensive areas of reference.
13.1.1. Handle with Care
13.1.1.1. How they are Unique- Critically, Knowledge, Restraint, Ethics, Volume, Updating.
13.1.1.1.1. Health Resources- Medical Dictionaries, Medical Encyclopedias, Handbooks nd Manuals, Medical Directories, Medical Databases, Health Information Sites, Health Statistics.
14. Chapter 11 Answering Questions about the Lives pf People- Biographical Information Sources
14.1. Provide information about the lives of both living and deceased people.
14.1.1. Major Biographical Resources: Indexes- a good place to begin when uncertain where a certain person's biography will be found. Biographies of Contemporary People- use for concise information about Contemporary people, "Who's Who"
15. Chapter 14 Readers Advisory Services
15.1. Most librarians would NOW define RA service as helping adult library patrons discover materials they would enjoy, but the emphasis is almost always on books and reading(or listening) for pleasure first.
15.1.1. Current Status and Importance of RA: According to Crowley(2015) Librarians need to embrace their educational role and the place that reading for pleasure occupies within that role. Being a good readers' advisor requires wide reading of books, and some reference librarians don't read widely themselves.
15.1.1.1. Readers advisory differs from Reference Services because Readers Advisory is more like a conversation and far less concrete on its goals and the Reference Interview is about thoroughly understanding the informational needs of the reader to fully answer their questions. RA service is usually about reading for pleasure.
15.1.1.1.1. How to conduct the RA conversation: 1. preparation. Learn about books and the "appeal" factor. 2. Open the conversations with questions like, "Tell me about a book you have enjoyed.," Are you in the mood for something similar to that book, or different?" 3. Invite the reader to come back and lets the librarian know how they liked the book.
16. Chapter 16 Information Literacy in the Reference Department
16.1. Defined as a set of abilities enabling individuals to "recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information." (ALA, 1989)
16.1.1. User must not only learn to identify the need for information, find it, evaluate it, and use it but must also use the emerging technologies in the information search.
16.1.1.1. Types of Libraries- 1. Information Literacy in School Media Centers-collaboration, 2. Information Literacy in the Academic Library- Transition Library, 3. Information Literacy in the Public Library- One-on-one or class visit, and 4. Information Literacy in the Special Library- one-on-one basis.
16.1.1.1.1. Classroom Setting- integrating information literacy in to the classroom showed improvement in student's ability to use academic resources when information literacy skills are integrated into curriculum.
17. Chapter 18 Selecting and Evaluating Reference Materials
17.1. The reference collection must be the most focused, specific, and selective.
17.1.1. Must have knowledge of the community of users, knowledge of how different types and formats of reference materials are used, knowledge of subject areas, and knowledge of how to evaluate reference materials.
17.1.1.1. Reference materials should be selected either though reading review, personal examination, trial online subscriptions, reference to literature produced by the publisher, or some combination of these.
17.1.1.1.1. Sources of Review are- Booklist, Reference and User Services Quarterly, Library journal, School Library Journal, Choice, and ARBA.
18. Chapter 20 Managing Reference Departments
18.1. We have developed an expectation for "anywhere, anytime" information services.
18.1.1. Managing Staff and Service Delivery- Aims to make service delivery a one-stop shop so that students are provided with a seamless continuum. Delivery of Reference Services is at a whole new level due to growing pervasiveness of digital information. Mobile Services encourage librarians to be less stationary in their traditional post behind a refence desk and more proactive in approaching users. Librarians can walk around with a laptop in hand. Virtual Services offer 24/7/365 access to services.
18.1.1.1. New roles of a library- Research Data Services, Electronic Resource Management, Web management, Reference Marketing, and Virtual Reference Service Evaluation.
19. Chapter 22 Reference 2.0
19.1. With Reference 2.0, the focus is on social networking leading to "designer information." This information delivery system is expected to reach out and connect with users wherever they are rather than remain in the static splendor of a physical state.
19.1.1. encourages collaboration, social networking, customization, and seamlessness.
19.1.1.1. collaborate using interactive sites called Wikis, refence blogs, microblogs such as Twitter, and podcast, Folksonomies.
19.1.1.1.1. Social Networking, such as Facebook and YouTube etc., are social sites structured to facilitate online user interaction and open sharing of data.