Transformational leadership
作者：Maryam S
1. Transactional
1.1. Contingent reward and constructive transactions
1.2. Management-by-exception, active and passive, and corrective transactions
1.3. Laissez-Faire
2. relating charismatic leadership to both the Trait and Skills Approaches
2.1. Dominant, desire to influence, self-confident, strong moral values, sets strong role model, shows competence, articulates goals, communicates high expectations, express confidence, and arouses motives.
3. Kouzes and Posner’s
3.1. clear about their own values and philosophy
3.2. Inspire a shared vision
3.3. Challenge the process
3.4. Encouraging the heart
4. Transformational
4.1. Inspirational motivation
4.2. Idealized influence and charisma:
4.3. Intellectual stimulation
4.4. Individualized consideration
4.5. pseudo transformational leadership from Bass’s (1998, 2006)
4.5.1. Pseudotransformational leadership refers to leaders who are self-consumed, exploitive, and power oriented, with warped moral values. It is considered personalized leadership which focuses on the leader’s own interests rather than the interests of others.
5. Laissez-Faire
5.1. Laissez-faire and nontransactional
5.2. a continuum ranging from transformational to laissez-faire.
5.2.1. Leadership can be on a continuum from transformational leadership to laissez-faire leadership and transactional leadership in the middle