GRAMMAR

1. Prescriptive Grammar

1.1. is

1.1.1. A grammar that "prescibes" how speakers should use the language.

1.2. Characteristics

1.2.1. It dictates what is right and wrong when speaking and especially when writing.

1.2.2. It usually takes as a reference the most influential dialect of a community.

1.2.3. They are usually dictated by an institution that stands out as an authority on the subject.

1.2.3.1. Example

1.2.3.1.1. RAE (Spanish Royal Academy)

1.3. In The Classroom

1.3.1. At higher levels it is useful to raise learner awareness of differences between prescriptive grammars and use of language.

1.3.2. Example

1.3.2.1. A prescriptive grammar would reject ‘He goes...', meaning ‘He said', as incorrect language.

2. Teaching Grammar

2.1. are

2.1.1. Knowledge of the grammatical constructions of the language in question.

2.2. Characteristics

2.2.1. Conversation is a high priority in your class.

2.2.2. Remember the goal of teaching grammar.

2.2.3. Teach grammar in context.

2.2.4. It is systematic.

2.3. In The Classroom

2.3.1. We apply metalinguistic activities to the students.

2.3.2. Example

2.3.2.1. When we say ¨ I have pencil ¨and the correct thing to say is ¨ I have a pencil ¨.

3. Definition

3.1. is

3.1.1. A description of the rules that govern how language's sentences are formed.

4. Descriptive Grammar

4.1. Definitions

4.1.1. It is in charge of describing how morphemes are organized.

4.1.2. It indicates that languages have a similar structure.

4.2. Characteristics

4.2.1. It is mainly interested in observing and describing language.

4.2.2. It is always linked to a specific linguistic community, which it will study in depth.

4.2.3. It has no pretensions to judge the language it studies, since its mission is to determine whether it is understood by the language as grammatical and what its uses are.

4.3. In The Classroom

4.3.1. Encourage students to use a guided discovery, or inductive, approach.

4.3.2. Example

4.3.2.1. A descriptive grammar might include ‘He goes...', meaning ‘He said'.

5. Universal Grammar

5.1. Author

5.1.1. NOAM CHOMSKY

5.2. It´s

5.2.1. A system that provides principles, conditions and rules that are elements or properties of all natural languages.

5.3. Characteristics

5.3.1. Propose that humans possess innate faculties related to the acquisition of language.

5.3.2. It is associated with work in generative grammar, and it is based on the idea that certain aspects of syntactic structure are universal.

5.3.3. Suggest that all languages possess the same set of categories and relations.

5.3.4. Consists of a set of atomic grammatical categories.

5.4. In The Classroom

5.4.1. Application of grammatical rules in writing

5.4.2. Example

5.4.2.1. False Principles

5.4.2.2. Errors

5.4.2.3. Ungrammatical expressions