1. IRISH
1.1. They settled in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the Carolina's.
1.1.1. A major amount of Irish came in the 1640s as political and military prisoners. The families came as well.
1.1.1.1. They came to America in majority as military and political prisoners or indentured servants. Three colonies passed laws to deny the Irish from immigrating there.
1.1.1.1.1. Key characteristics: The major religions in the area included Catholic, Protestant, and Presbyterian. Irish were unwelcome from many colonies and seen as poor. There were some rich Irishmen that lived in majority around the New York, Philadelphia, and Boston.
2. Scotch Irish
2.1. They settled in Pennsylvania
2.1.1. Almost all colonists came after 1717 and the 40,000 more came in the 1770's
2.1.1.1. They came to the colonies because they were indentured servants and through trade emigration.
2.1.1.1.1. Key Characteristics: They were Protestants and were loyal to the British crown, so they disliked the Catholic native Irish. They were forced to pay the Anglican Church and suffered many civil disabilities. One Scotch-Iris minister the first presbytery church in Philadelphia. Many Scorch-Irish servants were skilled craftsmen. Many of them already spoke English so they were very accustomed to the American culture.
3. WELSH
3.1. They first settled in Swansea, Massachusetts (near Rhode Island boarder), but the majority came and settled in southern Pennsylvania
3.1.1. Most colonists came in 1681, despite the first group coming in 1677.
3.1.1.1. They came to the colonies because Welsh Quaker gentry obtained around 40,000 acres of land in Pennsylvania
3.1.1.1.1. Key characteristics: The majority of people in the colony were Baptists. The Welsh created 21 churches when they arrived: nine Baptist, six Anglican, two Presbyterian, and four Quaker meetings. All of the churches were in Pennsylvania except 4. The Welsh were well off; they only made up one percent of the population, yet made up 7 percent of those paying 40 pounds in taxes every year. Most of the Welsh that made way to the colonies spoke English.
4. SCOTS
4.1. They settled in North Carolina and New York, along with New Jersey and South Carolina.
4.1.1. They arrived in the 1730's and many came was indentured servants. In 1763 over 25,000 Scots arrived to America.
4.1.1.1. Key Characteristics: Many Scots were of Teutonic origin and spoke Teutonic language. Many Scots also spoke Celtic tongue. They also had many different religions, but the most popular one was Presbyterian. In Scotland, criminals and religious dissenters were sent to America. Quakers were considered trouble makers in Scotland. Some Scots migrated as groups to maintain Catholicism and brought their priests to America. Most Scots in America were merchants and traders.
5. FRENCH
5.1. They settled in long arcs that started in Detroit and dispersed into scattered settlements to New Orleans.
5.1.1. Most colonists came in 1790. The French population grew largely in the early 1800's.
5.1.1.1. They came to the colonies for land and farming.
5.1.1.1.1. Key characteristics: A large group of French immigrants called themselves "Cajuns" and they were a distinct ethnic group. They settled in Louisiana and it was an intensive and exclusive settlement. The Cajuns were isolated from others because of their language and Roman Catholic religion. They had little education, very few could read or write, and they had very large families. World War 1 caused Cajun exclusiveness to be decreased and they were eventually diluted. Today, several organizations in Louisiana are attempting to preserve the Cajun culture and the French culture, history, and language are being implemented into education systems within elementary schools. Huguenots were another group of the French people. They settled in Massachusetts, New York, and South Carolina. Many achieved a significant amount of economic, political, and social success.
6. JEWS
6.1. Twenty-three Jewish refugees settled in New York in 1654. Once there, they spread out to other places such as Newport, Savannah, Philadelphia, and Charleston.
6.1.1. They began to come because the twenty-three refugees were expelled from Brazil after the Portuguese took it over. New York did not want them to come, yet the Dutch West India Company in Amsterdam put pressure on to allow them to stay because of their Jewish shareholders. Once the pressure was applied, more Jews immigrated because it was safer for them.
6.1.1.1. Key characteristics: Many Jewish were more statistically significant in some Caribbean colonies, dutch, Suriname and curacao and British Jamaica. Jewish merchants in various ports communicated and did business together. Marriages outside of faith were not allowed.
7. SPANISH
7.1. they settled in st Agustin, Florida
7.1.1. Most colonist from this region came in the sixteenth and seventeenth century.
7.1.1.1. They came to the colonies because of missions? Also the population raised came because of the gold rush a year after, to perhaps one hundred thousand and the Californios like tejanos were a minority in what had been their land .
7.1.1.1.1. Key Characteristics: The first us census showed a population of 60,000, the vast majority were Spanish Mexican orgin. Soldiers priest
8. GERMANS
8.1. They settled in what became known as Germantown, Pennsylvania.
8.1.1. Most colonists from this region came in the early seventeenth century.
8.1.1.1. They came to the colonies because of politics and economics. Overpopulation, heavy taxation, as well as an exceptionally hard winter were other reasons they came to the colonies.
8.1.1.1.1. Key characteristics: identified mostly within German Protestant churches: the Lutheran and the Reformed. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries German immigrants were of all three major confessions-Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish. In 1817, many arrived so impoverished that they had to indenture themselves to pay their passage. They chose to do this deliberately and were called contemporaneously free willers or redemptioners; most became farmers and farm workers. German migration was largely a family migration.
9. DUTCH
9.1. They settled in New York, Delaware and Pennsylvania.
9.1.1. The first colonists came in 1615 and then even more Dutch immigrants came in 1655.
9.1.1.1. They came to the colonies to establish their religious independence from the Protestant Hollanders and the Catholic Hapsburg Empire.
9.1.1.1.1. Key Characteristics: The Dutch were Protestants. The Dutch had reformed churches in American. They were very true to their culture and continued to speak Dutch in America. They established two institutions of higher learning to train American clergy in New Jersey. The Dutch colonial empire in the U.S lasted half a century. In 1790, 80% of all dutch immigrants lived within 55 miles of New York.
10. SWEDES
10.1. They settled Fort Christina, which was established on the Delaware by the Swedish West India Company on the site of present-day Wilmington.
10.1.1. Most colonists from this region came to the colonies in 1638.
10.1.1.1. They came to the colonies because they had lost political power in Europe and decided to move elsewhere in order to establish trade and farmland.
10.1.1.1.1. Key characteristics: swedes of the colonial era established a no lasting ethnic institution and while certain families may have remembered their heritage, there was no effective Swedish American ethnic group per se. That would have to wait for renewal of Swedish migration, on a much larger scale, in the nineteenth century.