Phenomenological Research

1. Phenomenological Research Topics of Discussion - 1. Meaning and Definition 2. What is essence 3. Aims and Objectives 4. Steps in PR 5. Choosing Participants 6. Validity Threats 7. Advantages 8. Limitations 9. Summary

2. Summary

3. 8. Disadvantages

3.1. a. Very difficult to eradicate research bias

3.2. b. Data produced in not generalised

3.3. c. Data is subjective needing researcher interpretation.

3.4. d. Depends upon subject being articulate about the experience.

4. 7. Advantages

4.1. a. Rich and detailed description of human experiences.

4.2. b. Results emerge from the data collected

4.3. c. Big picture and trends emerge from the data

5. 5. Choosing Participants:

5.1. a. Convenience Sampling:

5.2. b. Quota sampling:

5.3. c. Purposive sampling

6. 6. Validity Threat

6.1. a. Interpretation Validity:

6.2. b. Research Bias:

6.3. c. Theory Validity:

6.4. d. Descriptive Validity

7. 1. Phenomenological Research

7.1. Qualitative research

7.2. Understand essence of a phenomenon

8. 3. Aims and Objectives

8.1. Arrive at a description of natural phenomenon

8.2. Find answers to the questions

8.3. Construct Universal Meaning of event

9. 2. Universal Experience/ Essence:

10. 4. Steps in Phenomenological Research:

10.1. 1) Bracketing

10.1.1. Process of setting aside personal experiences, biases, preconceived notions about the research topic. It also involves setting aside knowledge of previous researches.

10.2. 2) Intuiting

10.2.1. Holding open to multiple meanings of different experiences

10.3. 3) Analysing

10.3.1. Search for commonalities or patterns in the gathered data

10.4. 4) Describing

10.4.1. Understand and define the phenomenon in a conceptual way