Spectroscopy

1. Introduction to Spectroscopic Methods

1.1. Electromagnetic Radiation

1.1.1. General Properties

1.1.2. Wave Properties

1.1.2.1. Electromagnetic Spectrum

1.1.2.2. Mathematical Description

1.1.2.3. Diffraction

1.1.2.4. Transmission

1.1.2.5. Refraction

1.1.2.6. Reflection

1.1.2.7. Scattering

1.1.2.8. Polarization

1.1.3. Quantum-Mechanical Properties

1.1.3.1. Emission

1.1.3.2. Absorption

1.1.3.3. Relaxation

1.2. Quantitative Aspects of Spectrochemical Measurements

1.2.1. Absorption Methods

2. Components of Optical Instruments

2.1. General Design

2.2. Sources of Radiation

2.3. Wavelength Selector

2.4. Sample Containers

2.5. Transducers

2.6. Signal Processors and Readouts

2.7. Types of Optical Instruments

2.8. Principles of Fourier Transform

3. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

3.1. AES based on Plasma Sources

3.2. AES based on Arc and Spark Sources

3.3. Miscellaneous Sources

4. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

4.1. Sample Atomization Techniques

4.2. Instrumentation

4.3. Interferences

4.4. Analytical Techniques

4.5. Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

5. Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy

5.1. Theory of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

5.2. Instruments for Measurement

5.3. Applications of Photoliminescence

6. Raman Spectroscopy

6.1. Theory of Raman Spectroscopy

6.1.1. Excitation Raman Spectra

6.1.2. Mechanisms

6.1.3. Wave Model

6.2. Instrumentation

6.2.1. Sources

6.2.2. Samples-Illumination System

6.3. Applications

6.3.1. Raman Spectra of Inorganic Species

6.3.2. Raman Spectra of Organic Species

6.4. Other Types

6.4.1. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

6.4.2. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

6.4.3. Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy