1. Dalton's theory
1.1. All matter is
1.1.1. Made of very
1.1.1.1. tiny particles
1.1.1.1.1. Called atoms.
1.2. Atoms are indivisible particles
1.2.1. Cannot be created
1.2.1.1. Nor destroyed
1.2.1.1.1. In chemical reaction.
1.3. Atoms of
1.3.1. Different elements have
1.3.1.1. Different masses
1.3.1.1.1. And chemical properties.
1.4. Atoms combine
1.4.1. In ratio of
1.4.1.1. Small whole numbers
1.4.1.1.1. To form compounds.
1.5. Relative number
1.5.1. Or kinds of
1.5.1.1. atoms are constant
1.5.1.1.1. In given compound.
1.6. Atomic mass of
1.6.1. carbon isotope is -cu12
1.6.1.1. Std ref to
1.6.1.1.1. all elements.
1.7. 1\12th part of
1.7.1. cu
1.7.1.1. amu = 1.6 multiplied by 10 minus 24
2. Law of chemical combination
2.1. By Lavoisier and Joseph L. Proust.
2.1.1. Conservation of mass.
2.1.1.1. Neither created
2.1.1.1.1. Nor destroyed.
2.1.2. Constant proportions.
2.1.2.1. mass of hydrogen
2.1.2.1.1. is always 1:8
2.2. Proust law in chemical substance elements always present in definite proportions in mass
3. Molecules
3.1. Two or more atoms
3.1.1. chemically bonded
3.2. Atoms of
3.2.1. different or same
3.2.1.1. element form
3.2.1.1.1. molecules.
3.3. of elements
3.3.1. same types of element
3.3.1.1. atoms
3.3.1.1.1. called atomicity.
4. Compounds
4.1. Different type of
4.1.1. element atoms in
4.1.1.1. definite proportions.
5. Mass
5.1. molecular
5.1.1. sum of atomic masses
5.1.1.1. of all atoms
5.1.1.1.1. of substance molecules
5.1.2. HNo3
5.1.2.1. H+N+O multiply 3
5.1.2.1.1. 1+14+(16 multiply 3)
5.2. Unit formula
5.2.1. Sum of atomic mass
5.2.1.1. of all atoms
5.2.1.1.1. of compound formula.
5.2.2. Naci
5.2.2.1. 1 multiply 23+1 multiply 35.5
5.2.2.1.1. 58.5u
6. Atomic mass
6.1. total number of
6.1.1. proton and neutron
6.1.1.1. in an atom.
7. Ions
7.1. Charged species
7.1.1. +ve cation
7.1.1.1. (base radical)