1. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
1.1. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
1.1.1. DEFINITION
1.1.1.1. Is an integrated collection of people, procedures, database, hardware and software that provides managers and decision makers with information to help achieve organizational goals
1.1.2. PURPOSE
1.1.2.1. is to provide the right information to the right person (managers), in the right format (standard report), at the right time (when needed)
1.1.3. EXAMPLE
1.1.3.1. report on weekly sales, by area @ branches
1.1.4. Input (data) to MIS
1.1.4.1. Internal sources
1.1.4.1.1. data from TPS, ERP and SCM and other internal data from specific functional area in the firm
1.1.4.2. External sources
1.1.4.2.1. data from customers, suppliers, competitors, stockholders and other sources such as internet
1.1.5. Output from MIS
1.1.5.1. A collection of reports that are distributed to managers Include tables, summaries, chart and graphs
1.1.6. EXAMPLE OF REPORT
1.1.6.1. Scheduled reports
1.1.6.2. Key- indicator reports
1.1.6.3. Demand reports
1.1.6.4. Exception reports
1.1.6.5. Drill-down reports
1.2. Financial mis
1.2.1. DEFINITION
1.2.1.1. Is a MIS that provides financial information not only for executives but also for a broader set of people who need to make better decisions on a daily basis
1.2.2. PURPOSE
1.2.2.1. Used to streamline reports of transaction Used to compute revenues, cost, profits and for auditing
1.2.3. FUNCTION
1.2.3.1. Integrate financial and operational information from multiple sources
1.2.3.2. Provide easy access to centralized financial data
1.2.3.3. Make financial data immediately available
1.2.3.4. Enable analysis of financial data by various aspects (by time, product, customer, branch,.etc)
1.2.3.5. Enable analysis from the historical data @ current data on financial activities
1.2.3.6. Monitor and control the use of funds over time
1.3. Manufacturing mis
1.3.1. DEFINITION
1.3.1.1. Is a computerized system that emphasized at all levels of manufacturing processes from raw materials to finished product.
1.3.2. FUNCTION
1.3.2.1. Fabrication system
1.3.2.1.1. involved machine tools, cutting tools & radio tags to track sheep and other animals
1.3.2.2. Car manufacturers
1.3.2.2.1. convert raw steel, plastic and other materials into finished vehicle, painting, .etc
1.3.3. SUBSYSYTEMS
1.3.3.1. Design and engineering
1.3.3.1.1. CAD (Computer Aided Design) system to develop digital blueprint
1.3.3.2. Master production scheduling and inventory control
1.3.3.2.1. Provide detailed plans (short & long term schedule) of manufacturing facilities
1.3.3.3. Process control
1.3.3.3.1. CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) control manufacturing equipment
1.3.3.4. Quality control and testing
1.3.3.4.1. Ensure that finished product meets customer needs
1.3.4. OUTPUT
1.3.4.1. Quality control report Process control report JIT report MRP report Production schedule CAD output
1.4. Marketing mis
1.4.1. DEFINITION
1.4.1.1. Is an information system that support managerial activities in product development based on sales forecasting, distribution, pricing decisions and effective promotion
1.4.2. PURPOSE
1.4.2.1. Helps firms to increase sales, reduce marketing expenses and develop plans for future products and services
1.4.3. SUBSYSTEMS
1.4.3.1. Marketing research
1.4.3.1.1. Research on customer preferences through surveys, questionnaires, pilot studies and interview regularly via FB and Twitter
1.4.3.2. Product development
1.4.3.2.1. Involves the conversion of raw materials into finished goods
1.4.3.3. Promotion and advertising
1.4.3.3.1. Use internet to advertise and sell products and services
1.4.3.4. Product pricing
1.4.3.4.1. Retail price, wholesale price and price discounts must be set Marketing IS is used to analyze relationship between price and total revenue
1.4.3.5. Sales analysis
1.4.3.5.1. Used to identify products, sales personnel and customers Reports generated by the system used for making good sales decision
1.4.4. OUTPUT
1.4.4.1. Sales report by customer Sales by salesperson Sales by product Pricing report Total service call Customer satisfaction
1.5. Human resource mis
1.5.1. DEFINITION
1.5.1.1. Also called personal MIS, concern with activities related to employees and potential employees of an organization
1.5.2. personal-related information
1.5.2.1. Workforce analysis and planning Hiring new employee Training Job and task management
1.5.3. SUBSYSYTEM
1.5.3.1. Human resource planning
1.5.3.1.1. Determine personnel and human needs Assign right job and right number of employees when they are needed
1.5.3.2. Personnel selection and recruiting
1.5.3.2.1. Select personnel and recruit them
1.5.3.3. Training and skills inventory
1.5.3.3.1. Computer-scored tests to evaluate their mastery of skills and new material
1.5.3.4. Scheduling and job placement
1.5.3.4.1. Showing job assigned by weekly @ monthly
1.5.3.5. Wage and salary administration
1.5.3.5.1. Determine salary, benefits, medical insurance and pension payments
1.5.4. OUTPUT
1.5.4.1. Human resource training report Job application profiles Skills inventory report Salary survey Benefits report Scheduling report Training test scores Needs and planning report
1.6. Geographic is
1.6.1. DEFINITION
1.6.1.1. Is a computer system that could assemble, store, manipulate and display geographical information (data is identified according to its location)
1.6.2. PURPOSE
1.6.2.1. Enable user to pair the maps with tabular data to describe aspects of a particular geographic region
1.7. Decision support system (DSS)
1.7.1. DEFINITION
1.7.1.1. DSS is an organized collection of people, procedures, software database and devices used to help make decisions that solve problem
1.7.2. PURPOSE
1.7.2.1. Offer potential to assist in problem solving both for semi-structured and unstructured business problems
1.7.3. CHARACTERISTIC
1.7.3.1. Provide rapid access to information
1.7.3.2. Handle large amounts of data from different sources
1.7.3.3. Provide report and flexible presentation
1.7.3.4. Offer both textual and graphical orientation
1.7.3.5. Support drill-down analysis
1.7.3.6. Perform complex, sophisticated analysis and comparison using advanced software
1.7.3.7. Support optimization, satisficing and heuristic approaches (use what-if analysis; process of making hypothetical changes to problem data and observe the impact/results))
1.7.3.8. Perform goal-seeking analysis (process to determine the problem for a given result)
1.7.3.9. Perform simulation (features of a real system)
1.8. Group support system (gss)
1.8.1. DEFINITION
1.8.1.1. Is a software application that consists of most elements in a DSS, provide effective support in group decision making also called group DSS
1.8.2. PURPOSE
1.8.2.1. Support collaboration in a group
1.8.3. EXAMPLE
1.8.3.1. Architects and builders use GSS to develop the best plans and to compete for contracts Manufacturing use GSS to link raw material suppliers to their own company system
1.8.4. USED IN
1.8.4.1. Remote monitoring center
1.8.4.2. business parks
1.8.4.3. residential
1.8.4.4. industrial and commercial
1.8.4.5. retail
1.8.4.6. construction
1.9. Executive support system (ESS)
1.9.1. DEFINITION
1.9.1.1. Is a specialized DSS that includes all hardware, software, data, procedures and people used to assist senior-level executives within the organizations
1.9.2. PURPOSE
1.9.2.1. Support decision making of board members in organization Designed to support higher-level decision making ESS present structured information that important for executives
1.9.3. CHARACTERISTICS
1.9.3.1. Are tailored to individual executives
1.9.3.2. Easy to use
1.9.3.3. Have drill-down abilities
1.9.3.4. Support the need for external data
1.9.3.5. Can help with situations that have a high degree of uncertainty
1.9.3.6. Have a future orientation
1.9.3.7. Are linked with value-added business process
2. OPERATIONAL SYSTEM
2.1. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
2.1.1. DEFINITION:ERP is usually referred to as a category of business management software—typically a suite of integrated applications—that an organization can use to collect, store, manage, and interpret data from many business activities.
2.1.2. CHARACTERISTIC: ----An integrated system Operates in (or near) real time -A common database that supports all the applications -A consistent look and feel across modules -Installation of the system with elaborate application/data integration by the Information Technology (IT) department, provided the implementation is not done in small steps[20] -Deployment options include: on-premises, cloud hosted, or SaaS
2.1.3. EXAMPLE: --- Manufacturing. Infor CloudSuite Industrial is an example of a product built for manufacturing companies. Healthcare. Allscripts offers an ERP solution built specifically for hospitals and healthcare organizations. Construction. Penta offers ERP for construction companies and contractors.
2.2. Transaction processing system (TPS)
2.2.1. DEFINITION:TPS is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to capture fundamental data about events that affect the organization.
2.2.2. TYPES: Batch Processing and Real-Time processing
2.2.3. ACTIVITIES: Data collection, data editing, data correction, data manipulation, data storage and document production
2.2.4. Traditional transaction processing applications
2.2.4.1. Traditional TPS support various business function that have not yet implemented ERP system
2.2.4.2. Order processing
2.2.4.2.1. -Order entry -Sales configuration -Shipment planning -Shipment execution -Inventory control -Accounts receivable
2.2.4.3. Purchasing
2.2.4.3.1. -Inventory control -Purchase order processing -Receiving -Accounts payable
2.2.4.4. Accounting
2.2.4.4.1. -Budget -Accounts receivable -Payroll -Asset management -General ledger
2.3. Electronic and Mobile Commerce
2.3.1. Electronic commerce is conducting a business transaction (e.g. distribution, buying, selling and services) electronically over computer networks such as internet, extranet and corporate networks
2.3.2. TYPES
2.3.2.1. B2C
2.3.2.1.1. A form of e-commerce in which customers deal directly with an B2C organization and avoid intermediaries
2.3.2.2. B2Me
2.3.2.2.1. A form of e-commerce where the business treats each customer as a separate market segment. • Include customizing a website for each customer, perhaps based on their previous purchases and personalized marketing literature
2.3.2.3. B2B
2.3.2.3.1. A subset of e-commerce where all the participants are organizations • Allow manufacturers to buy at a low cost price, worldwide • Offers enterprises the chance to sell to a global market
2.3.2.4. C2C
2.3.2.4.1. A subset of e-commerce that involves consumers selling directly to other C2C consumers, including online auction
2.3.2.5. e-GOVERNMENT
2.3.2.5.1. Using ICT to simplify the sharing of information, speed up processes and improve relationship between citizen and government
2.3.2.6. MOBILE COMMERCE
2.3.2.6.1. Relies on the use of wireless devices (tablet, mobile phone and smartphone) to transact at anytime, anywhere
2.4. Production and Supply Chain Management
2.4.1. DEFINITION
2.4.1.1. • Supply chain management (SCM) is the centralized management of the flow of goods and services and includes all processes that transform raw materials into final products.
2.4.2. TYPES OR SUBSYSTEMS
2.4.2.1. • The plan or strategy • The source (of raw materials or services) • Manufacturing (focused on productivity and efficiency) • Delivery and logistics • The return system (for defective or unwanted products)
2.4.3. CHARACTERISTICS OR CAPABALITY
2.4.3.1. • better ability to predict and meet customer demand; • better supply chain visibility, risk management and predictive capabilities; • fewer process inefficiencies and less product waste; • improvements in quality; • increased sustainability, both from a societal and an environmental standpoint; • lower overhead; • improvements in cash flow; and • more efficient logistics.
2.5. Customer relationship management and sales ordering
2.5.1. DEFINITION
2.5.1.1. A system that helps a company manage all aspects of customer encounters, including marketing and advertising, sales, customer service after the sale and programmes to retain loyal customers.
2.5.2. BENEFITS
2.5.2.1. Improve customer satisfaction • Increased customer retention • Reduce operating costs • Able to meet customer demand
2.5.3. FUNCTION
2.5.3.1. Automate and integrate the functions of sales, marketing and service in organization • Capture data about every customers • Remind customer on service requirements • Keep track product purchased by customer
2.5.4. Sales ordering
2.5.4.1. •Record item to be purchase •Set the sales price •Record order quantity •Determine total cost •Confirming the customer’s available credit
2.6. Financial and managerial accounting
2.6.1. DEFINITION
2.6.1.1. financial accounting refers to the aggregation of accounting information into financial statements, while managerial accounting refers to the internal processes used to account for business transactions.
2.6.2. Financial accounting
2.6.2.1. Accounts receivable
2.6.2.1.1. Records sales Accounts receivable • Indicating that customer owes money for goods received
2.6.2.2. Accounts payable
2.6.2.2.1. Records purchase order
2.6.2.3. General ledger
2.6.2.3.1. • Records all the financial transactions General ledger • To increase value of inventory on hand
2.6.2.4. Inventory record
2.6.2.4.1. Record all transactions occurred in an inventory