1. Signs and Symptoms
1.1. Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness
1.2. Uncontrollable, obsessive thoughts
1.3. An inability to be still and calm
1.4. Dry mouth
1.5. Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
1.6. Nausea
1.7. Muscle tension
1.8. Dizziness
1.9. Increase in vital signs
2. Treatment
2.1. Medication
2.1.1. Benzodiazepines
2.1.2. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
2.1.3. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
2.1.4. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
2.2. Psychotherapy
2.3. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
2.4. Dietary and lifestyle changes.
2.4.1. Eat a Balanced diet
2.4.2. 7-8 hours of sleep
2.5. Relaxation therapy
2.5.1. Meditate
2.5.2. Deep Breathing
3. Nursing Interventions
3.1. Biologic Domain
3.1.1. Teach breathing control
3.1.2. Maintain regular balanced eating patterns
3.1.3. Reduce intake of caffeine, stimulants
3.1.4. Encourage exercise
3.1.5. Administer medication, and monitor for side effects
3.2. Social Domain
3.2.1. Assist with lifestyle and relationships recalculation and restructuring
3.2.2. Assist with time management
3.2.3. Decrease lifestyle stress
3.2.4. Family Therapy
3.2.5. Support Groups
3.3. Psychological Domain
3.3.1. Stay with patient during acute attack
3.3.2. Perform behavioral analysis to identify triggers
3.3.3. Teach progressive muscle relaxation
3.3.4. Distraction techniques
3.3.5. Provide education to correct myths and mistinterpretations
3.4. Reduce fear and anxiety
3.4.1. Orient client to environment, equipment, and routines
3.4.2. Introduce client to staff-maintain consistency in staff
3.4.3. Assure client that staff members are nearby; respond to call signal as soon as possible
3.4.4. Maintain a calm, supportive, confident manner when interacting with client
3.4.5. Encourage verbalization of fear and anxiety; provide feedback
4. Complications
4.1. Lead to, or worsen, other mental and physical health conditions
4.1.1. Depression
4.1.2. Substance abuse
4.1.3. Insomnia
4.1.4. Digestive or bowel problems
4.1.5. Headaches
4.1.6. Teeth grinding
5. Pathophysiology
5.1. Hyperactivity of Amygdala
5.1.1. Medulla oblongata activates "fight or flight" response
5.1.1.1. Lungs
5.1.1.2. Cardiac Muscles
5.1.1.2.1. Body thinks extra air is needed
5.1.1.2.2. Body doesn’t actually need extra air to fight or flee
6. Risk Factors
6.1. Genetics
6.2. Female
6.3. Childhood trauma
6.4. Stress due to an illness
6.5. Drugs,alcohol, caffiene
7. Definition
7.1. Anxiety
7.1.1. Vague and uneasy feeling
7.1.2. Response to real or imagined stress
7.2. Anxiety Disorder
7.2.1. Significant distress
7.2.2. Worry and fear are constant and overwhelming
7.2.3. Crippling
7.2.4. Impairment to ADLS
7.3. Anxiety state
7.3.1. Coping abilities are overwhelmed
7.3.2. Emotional control is lost
7.4. Anxiety trait
7.4.1. Learned component
7.4.2. Reacts to relatively nonstressful situations with anxiety
8. Levels of Anxiety
8.1. Mild Anxiety
8.1.1. Few physical symptoms
8.1.2. Can improve motivation
8.1.3. Increases a persons ability to learn and focus, improving concentration
8.2. Moderate Anxiety
8.2.1. Vitals signs increased
8.2.2. Alert, focused, optimum state for problem solving
8.3. Severe Anxiety
8.3.1. Severe anxiety-fight or flight response
8.3.2. Vitals increased
8.3.3. Sweating
8.3.4. Muscles rigid tense
8.3.5. Person has a perception field that is narrowed
8.3.6. Problem solving difficult
8.3.7. Selective inattention
8.3.8. Distortion of time
8.3.9. Threatened, overloaded, need for space increased
9. Coping Strategies
9.1. Write down your worries
9.2. Create an anxiety worry period
9.3. Accept uncertainty
9.4. Practice relaxation techniques
9.5. Adopt healthy eating habits
9.6. Reduce alcohol and nicotine
9.7. Exercise regularly
9.8. Learn to replace "negative self talk" with "coping self talk"
9.9. Get enough sleep
10. Prevention
10.1. Reduce your risk and methods to control or lessen symptoms
10.1.1. Checking with a doctor or pharmacist before using over-the-counter or herbal remedies
10.1.2. Exercising regularly
10.1.3. Eating healthy foods
10.1.4. Keeping a regular sleep pattern
10.1.5. Seeking counseling and support
10.1.6. Avoiding alcohol, cannabis
11. Diagnosis
11.1. Diagnosed by mental health professional
11.1.1. Mental Health Assessment and Interview
11.1.2. Person's symptoms and degree of disability point to a diagnosis of a specific disorder
11.1.3. Complete physical examination to eliminate any possible underlying ailments
11.1.3.1. Anemia
11.1.3.2. Thyroid Issues
12. Nucleus Ambiguus
12.1. Increase blood
12.1.1. Arterioles Constrict
12.2. Oxygen
13. Alert Adrenal Medulla
13.1. Releases Adrenaline and Dopamine
13.1.1. Epinephrine
13.1.1.1. Increases Blood Pressure
13.1.1.2. Increases Glucose
14. Amygdala
15. Myth &Conceptions
15.1. Snap a rubber band on your wrist every time you have a bad thought
15.1.1. Relality Check
15.1.1.1. The thoughts you resist persist.
15.2. If a panic attack gets too bad, you can pass out or lose control
15.2.1. Reality check
15.2.1.1. Fainting= blood pressure drop
15.2.1.2. During a panic attack=blood pressure increases
15.3. Avoid all stressful situations
15.3.1. Reality check
15.3.1.1. fragile and avoiding risk leads to feeling demoralized
15.3.1.2. Avoiding anxiety tends to reinforce it
15.4. Always carry a paper bag in case you hyperventilate
15.4.1. Reality check
15.4.1.1. Safety crutches that keep you anxious about being anxious
15.5. Medications for anxiety are addictive
15.5.1. Reality check
15.5.1.1. First-line medications for anxiety disorders (the SSRI and SNRI antidepressants) are not addictive
15.5.1.2. Benzodiazepines are used for short term
15.5.1.2.1. Increased tolerance and dependence after long-term use.
15.6. Medication is the only treatment for anxiety disorders.
15.6.1. Reality check
15.6.1.1. Cognitive-behavioral therapy may be just as or more effective than medication in the long term
15.7. Some people are just worrywarts or neurotic
15.7.1. Reality check
15.7.1.1. Therapy can help you reduce worry and suffering