ACIDS and ALKALIs

Acids and Alkali revision map - Year 6

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ACIDS and ALKALIs by Mind Map: ACIDS and ALKALIs

1. Acids are everywhere

1.1. EVERY DAY LIGE (6)

1.1.1. Vinegar

1.1.1.1. Acetic Acid

1.1.2. Soda

1.1.2.1. Carbonic Acid

1.1.3. Yoghurt

1.1.3.1. Lactic acid

1.1.4. Citrus/Lemon

1.1.4.1. Citric acid

1.1.5. Grapes/Cream of tartar

1.1.5.1. Tartaric acid

1.1.6. Rhubarb

1.1.6.1. Oxalic acid

1.2. LABORATORY (3)

1.2.1. Nitric acid

1.2.2. Sulphuric acid

1.2.3. Hydrochloric acid

1.3. PROPERTIES of ACIDS

1.3.1. Taste: sour

1.3.2. Change blue lemur to red

1.3.3. Corrosive (damages metals)

1.3.4. Harmful/irritant

1.3.5. Dissolves skin

1.3.6. Strong/can be dissolved with water

2. Alkalis are everywhere

2.1. carrots

2.2. cauliflower

2.3. Celery

2.4. Cucumber

2.5. Spinach

2.6. Avocado

2.7. Brussels Sprout

2.8. IN LABORATORY

2.8.1. Sodium Hydroxide (SALT)

2.8.2. Potassium Hydroxide

2.8.3. Ammonium Hydoxide

2.9. Properties

2.9.1. Corrosive

2.9.2. Skin feels soapy

2.9.3. Can be dissolve with water (strong)/Irritant (burns skin)

3. Lab rules

3.1. Wear glasses

3.2. Tie your hair up

3.3. Stand up

3.4. Wear gloves

3.5. Replace the bottle top as soon as finished

3.6. PLACE THE BOTTLE TOP UPSIDE DOWN on work surface

4. Method for testing

4.1. Litmus test

4.1.1. Litmus is an indicator

4.1.1.1. changes colour

4.1.1.1.1. RED=ACID ( strongly)

4.1.1.1.2. BLUE=ALKALI (weakly)

4.1.1.1.3. GREEN = NEUTRAL

4.1.1.1.4. PURPLE = ALKALI (strongly)

4.1.1.1.5. YELLOW= ACID (weakly)

4.1.1.2. Gives the PH scale

4.2. Iodine method (??)

4.3. Other indicators: red cabbage, blackcurrant, beetroot

4.4. What substances are called indicators in Chemistry?

4.4.1. Indicators are substances whose solutions change color due to changes in pH. ...

4.4.1.1. They are usually weak acids or bases, but their conjugate base or acid forms have different colors due to differences in their absorption spectra

4.4.2. Indicators are substances that change colour when they are added to acidic or alkaline solutions.

4.4.2.1. Litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange are all indicators that are commonly used in the laboratory.

4.5. Special feature of the universal indicator

4.5.1. It's the PH SCALE

4.5.2. It changes colour depending on whether it is acidic or alkalis

4.5.3. Universal Indicator (1) changes colour and (2) shows the PH of a substance

4.6. PH scale

4.6.1. It measures the strength of acids and alkalis respectively

4.6.1.1. Ph=1 RED strongly acid

4.6.1.2. ph=4 YELLOW weakly acid

4.6.1.3. ph=7 green Neutral

4.6.1.4. ph=14 purple Aklaki (strong alkaline)

4.6.1.5. ph=10 blue Alkali (weakly alkaline)

5. Neutralisation

5.1. WHAT IS NEUTRALISATION

5.1.1. It is the procedure of making a neutral solution by mixing Acids and Alkalis together.

5.1.2. Neutralisation is the reaction of an acid with a base that results in the pH moving towards 7. Neutralisation also moves the pH of an alkali down towards seven.

5.2. EXAMPLES

5.2.1. Indigestion

5.2.1.1. - Stomach produces HYDROCHLORIC ACID to DIGEST FOOD - TOO MUCH ACID = INDIGESTION - Alkali medicines can help (MILK OF MAGNESIA)

5.2.1.1.1. Aluminum hydroxide gel (Alternagel, Amphojel) Calcium carbonate (Alka-Seltzer, Tums) Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) Gaviscon, Gelusil, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids. Pepto-Bismol.

5.2.2. Neutralising lakes

5.2.2.1. -Harmful chemicals in the air making lakes acid - ACID RAIN = changes PH of the lakes, rivers and ponds - Drop Alkai to neutralise the acid

5.2.3. Growing crops

5.2.3.1. -Some AREAS: ACIDIC soil - plants do not grow well -Spreading lime on the soil

5.2.3.1.1. Treating of acidic soil by adding lime.